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Back ground: The association between tumors necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-á)308 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial .The variation in ethnicity and life style play important role in these conflicting results.Objective: To investigate association of TNF-á 308 polymorphism with T2DM,TNF level and body mass index in these patients.Patients and methods: The current case control study included fifty patients with T2DM in addition to twenty five healthy controls. The fasting blood sugar (FBS)and fasting blood (cholesterol, triglyceride) were done by colorimetric methods .The body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each patients and healthy controls. The level TNF-á in serum was measured by ELISA method(Ray biotechnology/ USA, 46078). The TNF-á 308 polymorphism was done by restriction enzyme digestion after polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Result: The age range for T2DM patients was (43.54±4.590) year while for control was (45.04±4.394) year. The T2DM patients whom carry AA alleles for TNF-á 308 polymorphism showed highly significant association with study parameter F.B.S, BMI, cholesterol, triglyceride and TNF-á level with (P.0.01).The T2DM patients with normal allele GG genotyping and GA genotyping of TNF-á 308 polymorphism also showed highly significant association with study parameter F.B.S,BMI,Cholesterol,Triglyecride and TNF- á with (P.0.01). The TNF- á level in serum of T2DM patients showed highly significant association with F.B.S, cholesterol and triglyceride with (P P.0.01), however the TNF- á level was nonsignificant with BMI in T2DM patients.Conclusion: In the present study TNF-á 308 polymorphism allele (AA, GA) showed a statistically significant association with TNF-á level in serum of T2DM patients and BMI. The AA and GA alleles showed a statistically significant association with high fasting glucose level. The TNF- á level didn't show a statistically significant association with BMI.

Background: Survivin is a member of inhibitors of the apoptosis family (IAP), it is over-expressed in almost all cancers including bladder cancers in which it is excreted in urine. Objectives: to find the possible suitability of survivin in urine and blood as a novel prognostic and or predictive molecular marker in bladder carcinoma. Patients with methods: urine and serum samples were taken from five groups: healthy persons, patients who had nonneoplastic urinary tract problems, genitourinary cancers excluding bladder cancer, patients with discovered newly or recurrent superficial urinary bladder carcinoma and patients with muscle-invasive or metastatic bladder cancer. All were attendants of the Urology department at Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. Survivin levels were analyzed by ELISA test in urine and serum samples of the five groups Results: The level of survivin in the normal control group was below the cutoff value in serum (71.385 pg/ml) and cutoff value in urine (71.86 pg/ml) while in non-neoplastic urological conditions the level of the survivin was evaluated above the cutoff value in serum and urine in 1/6 of the cases. While it was evaluated in half of the patients with urological malignancies other than bladder cancer and it was increased above the cutoff volume in 73.68% in the serum of patients with superficial urinary carcinoma and 78.9% in the urine of the same group. Conclusions: specific and sensitive determination of urine and (or) serum survivin provides a simple, non-invasive diagnostic method to complement cytology and (or) other diagnostic markers in persons with new onset or recurrent urinary bladder carcinoma.