ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess patterns of mandibular fractures and associated comorbidities in Peshawar, Pakistan.MethodologyThis multicenter, descriptive, cross-sectional study analyzed patients aged >15 years who had been clinically or radiographically diagnosed with mandibular fractures from January to December, 2015. Patients with pathological fractures or bomb-blast injuries were excluded. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).ResultsThe 138 patients diagnosed with mandibular fractures in 2015 included 108 men (78.3%) and 30 women (21.7%), with a male preponderance of 3.6:1. Most patients (56%) were aged 15-25 years, followed by those aged 26-35 years (26%). The most frequent cause of fractures was road traffic accidents (RTAs; 59.42%), followed by falls (18.8%). RTAs were predominant in men (89%); whereas, falls were predominant in women (80%). Fractures due to firearm injuries and interpersonal violence were more frequent in men (p <0.001). In patients with unilateral fractures, the most common fracture site was the parasymphysis (24.6%) followed by the symphysis (10.1%). In patients with bilateral fractures, the most common fracture sites were the parasymphysis and condyle (11.6%), followed by the parasymphysis and angle (8.0%).ConclusionsRTA was the most frequent cause of mandibular fracture and trauma. Mandibular fractures were more common in men than women, with most patients aged 15-25 years. The most common fracture site was the parasymphysis.

Objectives: To determine the relationship of Naswar with different tumour grading in squamous cell carcinoma. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study using non-probability, consecutive sampling. Setting: Department of Oral Pathology, Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Period: January 2017 till June 2017. Material & Methods: 60 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were included. Half the cases (30) had a history of Naswar use while the other half (30) had no history of Naswar use. Data was analysed using SPSS v 22. Results: This study included 60% male and 40% female cases, ranging from 40 years to 80 years (mean = 57.6 + 11 years). Majority of patients 80% had well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, while the rest (20%) had poorly differentiated. Distribution of male and female across both groups was equal (p 0.598). Both the groups were comparable in terms of grade of tumour (p 0.519). Conclusion: Naswar use was not associated with any particular histological grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma in our study. However, further research is needed to explore this association.

Objective: To analyze the way mothers perceive oral health in their children, the importance of oral health amongst children, so that preventive advice and regime can be tailored accordingly and reinforced during the pandemic. Study Design: Questionnaire base survey. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the various sectors of the twin cities of Pakistan, from May to Sep 2020. Methodology: This study was a questionnaire-based study in which survey forms were distributed online as well as in person among mothers above 18 years of age. A questionnaire was formulated and distributed amongst different areas and sectors of the twin cities in Pakistan. The data was analyzed quantitatively and entered in SPSS version 23 for analysis. Results: Mothers from various socioeconomic backgrounds had dissimilar knowledge with regards to oral health. There was a greater gap in the knowledge of mothers from low and high socioeconomic status as compared to middle and high. Conclusion: It is imperative that knowledge regarding oral health practices, preventive measures, risk factors of oral diseases should be imparted equally in the various socioeconomic areas of the country. Also, a widespread oral health plan to indoctrinate preventive knowledge as well as basic knowledge of oral health practices is strongly recommended.