The fingerprinting DNA method which depends on the unique pattern in this study was employed to detect the hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus and to determine the genetic variation among their strains in different intermediate hosts (cows and sheep).  The unique pattern represents the number of amplified bands and their molecular weights with specialized sequences to one sample which different from the other samples.   Five hydatitd cysts samples  from cows and sheep were  collected, genetic analysis for  isolated DNA was done using PCR technique and  Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA reaction(RAPD) depending on (4) random primers, and the results showed:         1-Ability of OPF-13 primer to find fingerprinting for DNA of hydatid cysts collected from cows with       (3) unique patterns and from sheep with (5) unique patterns. 2- Ability of OPF-06 primer to found (4) unique patterns for cows and (2) unique patterns for sheep. 3-Ability of OPF-19 primer to find fingerprinting for DNA of hydatid cysts collected  from cows (5) unique patterns and (4) unique patterns for sheep. 4-OPF-16 was unable to find the finger prints of DNA isolated from cows and sheep Keywords : Hydatid cyst. OPF Primer .PCR.  RAPD.

The aim of this study was to detect the effect of toxoplasmosis on some liver enzyme activity such as bilirubin concentration, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in serum. Twenty hundred and fifty women were examining by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One hundred and thirty-four were infected with toxoplasmosis with different number of abortion (1-4) times were used in this work. All Serum ALT and AST activities were increased and ALP and total bilirubin level decreased in infected women below the normal value. The analysis of the plasma enzyme distribution pattern suggests that liver cell damage occurred during virulent and low virulent infection, leads to be inflated cells as provided and expansion in Central necrosis of hepatic veins and damage in various parts of the liver

Background: Hydatosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus dog tap worm is zoonotic infection and economic importance and to public health constitutes a major threat in certain regions of the Middle East. There is an establishment of preventive and control strategy for characterization of E.granulosus in all endemic area which is essential in all molecular studies, to check the DNA of the parasite.Objective: Our study aimed to obtain the best from three extractions DNA methods from hydatid cyst protoscolecses isolated from sheep in Al-shawlla abattoir in Baghdad.Subjects and Methods: Three methods were used to extract DNA samples (boiling, crushing and commercial) DNA samples were performed with electrophoreses on 1.3% agarose. Regarding DNA for methods were compared by time and facility and cost-effectiveness.Results: The most method was boiling and crushing DNA extraction because of their easy, quickness besides the commercial kit method which had good bands on gel electrophoresis but had most cost effectiveness and time.Conclusion: The most method were boiling and crushing using for DNA extraction   مقارنة لثلاث طرق لأستخلاص الدنا الخاص بدودة المشوكات الحبيبية المعزولة من الأغنام والأبقار    د. دنيا نجم الدين أحمد د. سلوى صبر محسن   د. عبدالله لفتة جياد   الخلاصه: المقدمه: مرض الأكياس المائية يتسبب عن الأصابة بدودة الكلب( المشوكة الحبيبية)وله أهمية من الناحية كونها تسبب عدوى حيوانية مشتركة مما تؤثر على الناحية الأقتصادية والصحة العامة يشكل رئيسي وهذا ما يهدد مناطق محددة من الشرق الآوسط وهذه المناطق الموبؤة بدودة المشوكات الحبيبية "ولابد من  وضع استراتيجية للوقاية والتحكم .مما يتطلب وصف المشوكة الحبيبية في جميع الدراسات الجزيئية للتحري عن الدنا الموجود في هذا الطفيلي . الأهداف : تهدف الدراسة الى تحديد الأفضل من طرق أستخلاص الثلاثة( قيد الدراسة)  لدنا الأكياس المائية  لطفيلي المشوكات الحبيبية التي تم جمعها من الأغنام والأبقار من مجزرة الشعلة في مدينة بغداد .   طريقة العمل  : تم أستخدام ثلاث طرق لأستخلاص عينات من الحمض النووي الدنا وهي طريقة الغليان والسحق والعدة التجارية ورحلت النتائج على 1.3% من جل الأكاروز , وفيما يتعلق بطرق الأستخلاص للحامض النووي قورنت من ناحية الوقت والتكلفة ومدى الدقة ووضوح الدنا المستخلص . النتائج : الطرق التي كانت الأحسن في أستخلاص الدنا هي طريقة الغليان وطريقة السحق لأنها سهلة وسريعة بالأضافة الى الطريقة التي تستخدم العدة التجارية التي تعطي حزم جيدة للحمض النووي الدنا أثناء الترحيل الكهربائي لكنها ذات تكلفة عالية وتأخذ وقت . الأستنتاجات : الطرق الأحسن أستخداما لأستخلاص الحمض النووي الدنا هي طريقتي الغليان والسحق   مفتاح الكلمات: طرق استخلاص الدنا، الاكياس المائية، المشوكات الحبيبية

Introduction: Toxoplasma infection was higher in infertile couples than fertile couples, probably due to anti-sperm antibodies that were higher in couples with Toxoplasmosis. Investigations of T. gondii infections in men with infertility showed that among 100 cases of men's infertility, 36% were serologically positive for Toxoplasma-IgG and IgM. It has been concluded that T. gondii can affect men's fertility and result in infertility. Materials and Methods: Selective infertile males were asked about days of sexual abstinence. Seminal fluid samples were collected following a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 7 days from abstinence. Every patient was given a clean, wide mouth, sterile, dry, graduated plastic and warm disposable container. The samples were obtained by masturbation in a private room near the semen analysis lab to reduce seminal exposure to temperature fluctuations and control the time from collection to analysis. Results: For the ND1 gene, samples of 8 different fertility groups have been sequenced. These sequences have been compared to reference sequences taken from the NCBI database. Several mutations in various nucleotide positions of the ND1 regions have been detected in samples from multiple groups. The base substitution has been positioned on the nucleotides (nts) 3480, 3567, 3591, 3693, and 4216. The T to C evolution was notorious at nt 3480 in ND1 genes. The SNP was detected in an asthenospermia human (Sample code: 010480). Keywords: Sequence, ND1 gen, Oligospermia Toxoplasmosis, Couples infertility

A total of (90) blood samples were collected from male patients infected with Toxoplasmosis who recovered from COVID- 19 and attended Kamal Alsamiraai Hospital from 15 January to 15 September 2021. We measured anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG and IgM) detected by ELISA, whereas Anti-COVID-19 antibodies (IgG and IgM) were estimated using Elisa and Afilias. The semen characteristics were also studied among fertile, healthy individuals (control group) and sub-fertile patients. Results showed that the mean sperm count was high among the control group (40.5±1.3x 106/ml) compared with that of the sub-fertile patients (10.3±1.75 and 8.8±1.9 x 106/ml for oligozoospermia, and oligoasthenozoospermia respectively), and it was the highest (44.7±1.4 x 106/ml) among asthenozoospermia patients. Compared to the control group, there were highly significant differences between anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and anti-COVID-19 IgG antibodies (P<0.001). The mean level of Toxoplasma IgM was (11.74±8.90) and for control was (0.05±0.10), while the mean level of COVID-19 IgM was (1.91±1.06) and for control was (0.04±0.03) in sub-fertile patients. The mutation occurred in IL-IB gene A to G transgene at site 4514 of the IL-IB gene (sample code, 6383) and in the case of an invalid sample code, 2409 and 5097. In the alanine codon, the GCA codon has mutated into GCG. Also, G to A transgene occurred at site 4514 of the IL-IB gene. (sample code, 6750) In the case of an invalid sample code, it happened in 010081 and 009593. In the alanine codon, the ATG codon has mutated into ATA. Keywords: ND2 Gene, sequence, Sub-fertile patients, COVID-19, Toxoplasmosis