Objective: to identify the scientific evidence about the abilities of premature neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, to oral feeding initiation. Methods: integrative review, held in the databases Scopus, Cinahl, Medline, Lilacs, Science Direct and Web of Science, not controlled and with no timeframe, using the key words: Recém-Nascido Prematuro/Premature, Infant; Comportamento Alimentar/Feeding Behavior and Aleitamento Materno/ Breast Feeding, crossing them with the AND operator. Inclusion criteria: full available in Portuguese, English and Spanish, without year limitation; and exclusion: articles that did not answer the research question, repeated and from other scientific sources. Results: the scientific productions revealed that the sensory-motor-oral stimulation, non-nutritious sucking and evaluation of hemodynamic parameters favor the transition from probe-oral to breastfeeding. Conclusion: we identified evidence that prove that the use of the stimulation and skills development facilitate, in less time, the beginning of oral feeding. Descriptors: Infant, Premature; Feeding Behavior; Breast Feeding; Neonatal Nursing.Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas acerca das habilidades de recém-nascidos prematuros, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, para início da alimentação oral. Métodos: revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Scopus, Cinahl, Medline, Lilacs, Science Direct e Web of Science, de forma não controlada e sem recorte temporal, utilizando os descritores: Recém-Nascido Prematuro/Premature, Infant; Comportamento Alimentar/ Feeding Behavior e Aleitamento Materno/Breast Feeding, cruzando-os com o operador AND. Critérios de inclusão: disponíveis na íntegra, em português, inglês e espanhol, sem limitação de ano; e os de exclusão: artigos que não responderam à questão de pesquisa, repetidos e provenientes de outras fontes científicas. Resultados: as produções científicas revelaram que a estimulação sensório-motora-oral, sucção não nutritiva e avaliação de parâmetros hemodinâmicos favorecem a transição sonda-oral para o aleitamento materno. Conclusão: foram identificadas evidências que comprovam que o uso da estimulação e o desenvolvimento das habilidades facilitam, em menor tempo, o início da alimentação oral.

Syphilis is a disease that is found all over the world that causes damaging effects to the fetus through vertical transmission. This study aimed to analyze the processes that trigger the vertical transmission of syphilis through gestational and congenital syphilis notifications. It is a cross-sectional study. The sample totaled 129 notifications of syphilis in pregnant women and 132 notifications of congenital syphilis in the city of Natal, from 2011 to 2015. Data were obtained from the Information System for Disease Notification. The Chi-square, Student’s and Fisher’s tests were used to verify associations of interest. Diagnosis of maternal syphilis was predominant in the third trimester of pregnancy. Only 1.6% of the pregnant women were registered with an adequate treatment regimen, of these 16.3% had the concomitant treatment with their partners. Of the affected children, 78.8% were registered as asymptomatic. The factors that trigger vertical transmission are related to the late diagnosis of the pregnant woman and sexual partner(s) and the deficiencies in clinical/therapeutic management in relation to the phase of the disease. Strategies of professional training should be adopted to notify and expand the provision of information for epidemiological surveillance, aiming to strengthen care, reduce vertical transmission and enable the continuous analysis of this problem.

No abstract

Perinatal asphyxia is defined as harm to the fetus or the newborn caused by hypoxia and/or ischemia of various organs with intensity to produce biochemical and/or functional changes. Understanding the risk factors for this clinical condition allows the identification of vulnerable groups, enabling an improvement in care planning in the perinatal period in neonatal intensive care units. In this sense, this research aimed to identify risk factors for perinatal asphyxia present in newborns term that showed record for this clinical condition. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective documentary, quantitative and descriptive, conducted from data from medical records of 55 infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. As for maternal characteristics (78.0%) had between 16 and 35 years, only one child (53.0%) and (76.0%) had no prior history of miscarriage. As for pre-existing diseases or pregnancy (38.0%) developed by Hypertensive Pregnancy Specific disease (02.0%) were suffering from Hypertension and (02.0%) of Diabetes Mellitus. As for newborns, most infants had birth weight (43.6%) and correlation with gestational age (78.2%) compatible for good conditions of birth. Only (20.0%) of the infants had a difficult labor. It stood out although there was a slight predominance of severe asphyxia (50.9%) in the first minute and (45.5%) of the infants had record release intrauterine meconium. It was concluded that most mothers and newborns did not have risk factors for perinatal asphyxia, thus, this fact could be attributed to the structural conditions of service, especially in the care during labor, delivery and immediate assistance newborn.

Objetivo: identificar na literatura os desfechos perinatais em gestantes com síndromes hipertensivas. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com coleta de publicações indexadas na LILACS¸ PUBMED, SCOPUS e WEB OF SCIENCE, durante janeiro de 2017. Os descritores utilizados foram: hipertensão induzida pela gravidez, assistência perinatal e neonatologia. Resultados: os desfechos perinatais de maior incidência foram: mortalidade perinatal, prematuridade, baixo APGAR no 1º e 5º minuto de vida, recém-nascidos pequenos para idade gestacional, admissão na unidade intensiva, restrição de crescimento intraútero e parto cesariano. Dentre as patologias investigadas, destacou-se a pré-eclampsia (80,6%) e 3% dos artigos abordaram a pré-eclampsia grave. Conclusões: a realização de investigações que analisem a exposição do feto/neonato à condição materna da pré-eclampsia grave e da hipertensão crônica sobreposta por pré-eclampsia, constitui-se como gaps de conhecimento.