In present study seven RAPD primers were used to access the diversity within and among twelve populations of three mushroom species Ganoderma lucidum, leucoagaricus sp. and Lentinus sp. Total of 111 bands were scored by 7 RAPD primers in 30 accessions of three mushroom species collected from different sampling sites of central India. Total 111 bands were generated using seven primers which were F-1, OPG-06, OPC-07, OPD-08, OPA-02, OPD-02, OPB-10. All 111 bands were polymorphic in nature (100%). Therefore, it revealed that the used primers had sufficient potency for population studies and 30 accessions had higher genetic differences among each other. In best of the knowledge, this is the first report, which accesses the genetic diversity between three mushroom species (Gd Ganoderma lucidum, Lg Leucoagaricus sp., Ls Lentinus). The polymorphic percentage ranged from 3.60 to 23% within twelve populations, while polymorphic percentage among group was 40.56, among population within groups was 41.12 and within population was 18.32. This indicated that the genetic diversity within the population was very low, but slightly higher in the populations of three species. Among three groups representing Gd., Lg and Ls, Among populations within groups shown highest percentage of variation (Pv = 41.12) while within populations, the lowest percentage of variation (18.32) was observed. This result also support that the highest genetic variation was present among groups in comparison to among the population within a species and lowest genetic variation was observed within the population.

The magnetic properties of Mn2Ni (1+x) In (1−x) (x = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7) and Mn (2−y) Ni (1.6+y) In0.4 (y = -0.08, -0.04, 0.04, 0.08) shape memory alloys have been studied. Magnetic interactions in the martensitic phase of these alloys are found to be quite similar to those in Ni2Mn (1+x) In (1−x) type alloys. Doping of Ni for In not only induces martensitic instability in Mn2NiIn type alloys but also affects magnetic properties due to a site occupancy disorder. Excess Ni preferentially occupies X sites forcing Mn to the Z sites of X2YZ Heusler composition resulting in a transition from ferromagnetic ground state to a state dominated by ferromagnetic Mn(Y) -Mn(Y) and antiferromagnetic Mn(Y)-Mn(Z) interactions. These changes in magnetic ground state manifest themselves in observation of exchange bias effect even in zero field cooled condition and virgin magnetization curve lying outside the hysteresis loop.

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Dengue fever is undoubtedly one of the most rapidly spread mosquito borne re-emerging infection that poses significant threat to about half of the world's population. People working in this field have taken dengue seriously it is reflected from the continuous increasing number of publications during 1989-2015. This study is an attempt to make a 3D bibliometric portfolio of research on dengue. This 3D bibliometric analysis portray the dengue research through various measures quality, quantity, consistency and two secondary indicators h index and z index. The data retrieved from the Web of Science. Number of publications increases 70 folds in given time span during 1989-2015. Vietnam has the highest impact (quality) while India has the lowest impact among the leading countries. Taiwan has a higher variability 0.41 (consistency ƞ), whereas Germany has a lower consistency. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research WRAIR of USA has the highest impact (quality) while Universidade DE Sao Paulo of Brazil has the lowest impact among the organisations in the list. University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston (USA) has a highest consistency 0.33, whereas University of Massachusetts System (USA) has a lowest consistency (0.03).

An analysis of 2074 papers indexed by Science Citation Index-Expanded and published by different countries on various aspects of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) during 1991 to 2010 indicates that JE is a highly collaborative discipline as judged by the values of co-authorship index and the collaborative coefficient for different countries and different sub-fields. Of the total published papers, about two-third were written in collaboration. Of these, 214 (10 %) were written with local collaboration, 700 (34 %) with domestic collaboration and 478 (23 %) with international collaboration. Among all the countries, USA is the most important partner country for all the collaborating countries. The study indicates that the share of collaborative papers increased almost four times in 2001-2010 as compared to 1991-2000. USA, Japan, Taiwan and India produced about 70 % of domestically co-authored papers. USA also had the largest number (21 %) of the internationally co-authored articles. Among 17 highly collaborative institutions, the highest (six) are from India, and Liverpool University (UK) had the highest number of internationally collaborative papers, followed by Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (USA).