Numerical simulation of electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical responses of the human body to different stimuli in magnetic resonance imaging safety, antenna research, electromagnetic tomography, and electromagnetic stimulation is currently limited by the availability of anatomically adequate and numerically efficient cross-platform computational models or "virtual humans." The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of modern human models and body region models available in the field and their important features.

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Simulation of the electromagnetic response of the human body relies heavily upon efficient computational models or phantoms. The first objective of this paper is to present a new platform-independent full-body electromagnetic computational model (computational phantom), the Visible Human Project(®) (VHP)-Female v. 2.0 and to describe its distinct features. The second objective is to report phantom simulation performance metrics using the commercial FEM electromagnetic solver ANSYS HFSS.

Simulation of the electromagnetic response of the human body relies heavily upon efficient computational models or phantoms. The first objective of this paper is to present an improved platform-independent full-body electromagnetic computational model (computational phantom), the Visible Human Project® (VHP)-Female v. 3.1 and to describe its distinct features and enhancements compared to VHP-Female v. 2.0. The second objective is to report phantom simulation for electric stimulation studies using the commercial FEM electromagnetic solver ANSYS MAXWELL.

Simulation of the electromagnetic response of the human body relies upon efficient computational models. The objective of this paper is to describe a new platform-independent and computationally-efficient full-body electromagnetic model, the Visible Human Project® (VHP)-Female v.3.0 and to outline its distinct features. We also report model performance results using two leading commercial electromagnetic antenna simulation packages: ANSYS HFSS and CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®.