Human immunodefiiency virus (HIV) infection and aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)cause a progressive depletion of CD4 + T cell populations accompanied by progressive impairment of cellular immunity and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Seborrheic dermatitis is one of the most common skin opportunistic infections on HIV/AIDS patients. Malassezia species is bilieved as the causative of seborrheic dermatitis. The aim of the study was to evaluate low CD4 + T cell counts as risk factor for Malassezia sp. infection in HIV/AIDS patients. This was an observational study with cross-sectional design conducted on HIV/AIDS patients who attended in Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Culture of Malassezia sp. was conducted in Department of Microbiology and classified as high (>100 CFU/ tape) and low (<100 CFU/tape) density colonies. CD4 Sci, Volume 46,No. 4, CFU/tape. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna adalah kadar sel T CD4 + dengan jumlah koloni Malassezia sp dalam penelitian ini (p=0,607; 95%CI=0,(4)(5)19; RP=0,452). Dapat disimpulkan, kadar sel T CD4 + yang rendah bukan merupakan faktor terjadinya infeksi Malassezia sp. pada penderita HIV/AIDS.

No abstract

Dandruff is a common symptom in adolescence, which possibly due to increasing of Malassezia sp. colonization, sebum level as well as skin hydration. Wearing hijab is predicted to increase the humidity and sebum level lead to increase the number of Malassezia sp. and dandruff severity. A case-control study was conducted on 19 female with dandruff who wear hijab and 19 female with dandruff who do not wear hijab, age between 18 and 27 years old. The dandruff severity was defined clinically using a scoring system (0-100), only subjects with minimum score of 28 will be included in this study. The sebum and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) levels were measured with Sebumeter and Tewameter from Courage Khazaka. The Malassezia sp. was examined using microscopic examination of the squama and culture in the Saboraud medium. There were no significant differences found between hijab and non-hijab groups for dandruff severity. No difference found between two groups for sebum level, Malassezia sp. number microscopically, and Malassezia sp. colonization. Only TEWL level in hijab group that was found to be higher than non-hijab group. Wearing hijab does not increase the dandruff severity, sebum level and colonization number of Malassezia sp. Wearing hijab is found to increase the TEWL level. ABSTRAK Ketombe merupakan gejala umum pada masa remaja, yang disebabkan oleh meningkatnya coloni Malassezia sp., tingkat sebum serta hidrasi kulit. Penggunaan jilbab diperkirakan menyebabkan peningkatan kelembaban dan sebum yang akan meningkatkan jumlah Malassezia sp. dan tingkat keparahan ketombe. Sebuah studi kasus-kontrol dilakukan pada 19 wanita berketombe yang memakai jilbab dan 19 wanita berketombe yang tidak memakai jilbab, usia antara 18 dan 27 tahun. Keparahan ketombe didefinisikan secara klinis menggunakan sistem penilaian (0-100), hanya subjek dengan skor minimal 28 yang akan dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Tingkat sebum dan trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) diukur dengan Sebumeter dan Tewameter dari Courage Khazaka. Malassezia sp. diperiksa menggunakan pemeriksaan mikroskopik dari skuama dan kultur dalam medium Saboraud. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan yang ditemukan antara kelompok hijab dan non-hijab untuk keparahan ketombe. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan ditemukan antara dua kelompok untuk tingkat sebum, jumlah Malassezia sp. secara mikroskopis, dan koloni Malassezia sp. Ditemukan tingkat TEWL kelompok berhijab lebih tinggi daripada kelompok non-hijab. Memakai jilbab tidak meningkatkan keparahan ketombe, tingkat sebum, serta jumlah kolonisasi Malassezia sp. Memakai hijab meningkatkan tingkat TEWL.

No abstract

Melasma is a common disfiguring condition involving acquired hyperpigmentation especially on the face, for which the pathogenesis is still uncertain, however histopathological studies showed that there is not only hyperpigmentation in the epidermis, but also solar elastosis or photo-aging due to abnormality of dermal extracellular matrix which contributes to clinical wrinkles. This study aimed to examine a link between the severity of melasma and facial wrinkles as a manifestation of photoaging in a tropical area. This study was an observational study with crosssectional design, conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia involving 51 patients with melasma aged 30-50 years who had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The melasma severity was measured clinically with the modified Melasma Severity Index (mMASI), and objectively with the Melanin Index (MI) and Erythema Index (EI) assessed with Mexameter Courage Khazaka. The wrinkle severity was measured clinically by scoring from forehead horizontal lines, crow’s feet, glabellar and nasolabial lines, and total scores were obtained from all of them. The correlation analysis was done statistically with Spearman’s rank tests. The results showed a weak positive but not significant correlation between the mMASI score and total facial wrinkle score (r: 0.165), and a weak positive non-significant correlation between EI and total facial wrinkle score (r: 0.06). There were significant positive moderate correlations between MI and total facial wrinkle score (r: 0.441), due to significant positive moderate correlations between MI and glabella wrinkle (r: 0.392), and between MI and nasolabial wrinkle (r: 0.339). In conclusion, a positive moderate correlation was found between MI and total facial wrinkle score, especially relating to glabellar and nasolabial wrinkles. However, there was no correlation between mMASI score and total facial wrinkle score.