The effect of intravenous infusion of atropine on the pancreatic exocrine secretion in sheep was examined. Atropine was infused for 60min at the dose of 0 .01, 74.3%. Atropine also decreased protein concentration and amylase activity in pancreatic juice of which the reduction rates were 51.3% and 45.1%, respectively. These results indicate that the considerable part of basal juice flow and enzyme secretion are mediated by the cholinergic mechanisms.

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Effects of short-chain fatty acids on pancreatic exocrine secretion were studied under anesthesia in calves within 2 weeks of age (2-wks calves) given only whole milk and milk replacement and in which rumen fermentation has not begun yet, and in calves at 13 weeks of age (13-wks calves) weaned at 40 days of age and in which rumen fermentation has already begun. Basal rate of juice flow and protein concentration and amylase activity in pancreatic juice under basal condition were significantly lower in the 2-wks calves than those in the 13-wks calves. Intravenous administrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate stimulated pancreatic juice secretion and protein and amylase output in both groups of calves. Those responses were increased with increasing carbon number in the molecule of fatty acids. Although the response of amylase output (/kg of body weight) in the 2-wks calves was significantly less than that in the 13-wks calves, the response of juice flow and protein output (/kg of body weight) in the 2-wks calves were equivalent to or greater than those in the 13-wks calves. These results indicate that the characteristic of pancreas, being stimulated by short-chain fatty acids, in calves and probably in other ruminants is not generated on the process of postnatal development, but has been already acquired before rumen fermentation begins.

The influence of leptin on the secretion of pancreatic juice was examined in biliary-pancreatic duct-cannulated anaesthetised rats. Exogenous leptin was given in boluses either intravenously or intraduodenally. A low dose of leptin (0.1 μg/kg BW) had no effect on pancreatic secretion. Leptin in a dose of 1 μg/kg BW given intravenously inhibited protein and amylase output only when the exocrine pancreas was stimulated by CCK-8 (12 pmol/kg BW, iv). Leptin in a high, pharmacological dose (10 μg/kg BW) given intravenously inhibited juice secretion, protein and amylase output, whereas given intraduodenally, stimulated them. Intravenous infusion of 2-deoxy-glucose (0.25 g/kg BW per h) induced pancreatic juice secretion, which was abolished by a leptin bolus (10 μg/kg BW). In conclusion, leptin can regulate the exocrine pancreas via different mechanisms.

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