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A wideband hybrid dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) consisting of a rectangular slot patch and a perforated stacked cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) is proposed. A rectangular slot was etched on the grounding side of a microwave laminate ( =3.38) to excite the hybrid resonator at a high frequency. The stacked DR used consists of three different layers of permittivity, in which air-cavity was introduced internally to form a perforated structure. With a proper stacking arrangement of the perforated DRs on top of the rectangular slot, their operating frequencies were merged together to produce a wideband hybrid DRA. It was found that the combination of the stacked DR with perforated structure in the hybrid element had yielded an impedance bandwidth of as wide as 75.8% (12.2 GHz -27.1 GHz). Huge improvement in bandwidth was successfully achieved in this study in comparison to that without a perforated structure of only 48.9%. Simulation of the antenna was performed in time domain using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and was subsequently verified with the measurement results. The average simulated and measured directivity of the antenna were recorded to be 6.05 dBi and 5.65 dBi, respectively, with a stable broadside radiation throughout the operating range of frequency. The radiation characteristics were seen to be broadside in both the E-plane and H-plane.INDEX TERMS wideband, hybrid dielectric resonator, perforated structure, Ku band, K band, cylindrical DR, rectangular slot patch.

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Over the decade, extensive applications of portable electronic devices have progressed enormously. This has ultimately influenced the shortage of bandwidth supply. Therefore, in satisfying the demands of consumers, low-cost antennas are required to be designed specifically for the fifth-generation frequency spectrum (5G) devices. The main goal of this paper is to report a high gain enhancement in a low profile and economical antenna operated effectively using air substrate in 5G devices. This paper discusses the study effects of thickness on the substrate and conductive material, also the novel design of a cost-effective, air-substrate based microstrip antenna with enhanced gain at 28 GHz resonance for the 5G mobile phone application. In the proposed design, a 2×2 array configuration of radiating elements was designed to occupy a 35.7×31.5×0.5 mm3 volume. Copper (Cu) material was used in the fabrication of the antenna prototype. The proposed antenna was evaluated and compared to the simulation results to demonstrate the design’s reliability. The proposed system provided a peak gain and performance efficiency of 15.6 dB and 86.9.4%, respectively, when operated at 28 GHz resonance.

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