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Background:The Corona Virus Disease 2019 is a major ongoing concern for the adolescents with disability. Aim: The study aimed to assess the effect of covid-19 pandemic fear, anxiety and quality of life among adolescent girls with special needs. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was conducted at Deaf& dumb and blind schools for girls. A total of 140 deaf & dumb and blind girls were included in the study. Study tools: Three tools were used included; tool 1 (Part 1): Personal characteristics of the adolescent girls with special needs. Tool 1 (Part 2): World Health Organization Quality of Life. Tool 2: The COVID 2019 Fear scale. Tool 3: COVID 2019 anxiety scale. Results: It was found that 90.7% of the girls were from rural area, 85.7% were deaf and dumb and 61.4% of them had secondary education. 67.1% of Adolescent girls with special needs had high quality of life before the pandemic while they had moderate quality of life during. Conclusion: Adolescent girls with special needs had high level of Quality of Life before the pandemic, while difficulties and restrictions during the pandemic negatively affected adolescent Quality of Life. Age, type of disability, parents' education and occupation were affecting the quality of life domains. Recommendations: It is recommended to conduct training programs for adolescents with disabilities to improve their quality of life.

Background and aim: Knee osteoarthritis considered as a foremost cause of disability globally, with a substantial societal impact and an increasing financial burden on healthcare systems. School teachers estimated as one of the professions with a high frequency of occupational musculoskeletal illnesses. The study aimed to assess knowledge and associated risk factors of knee osteoarthritis among school teachers. Subjects and Method: Descriptive cross-sectional design. Setting: Nine schools representing 10% of the total Assiut City schools which selected randomly. Sample: Total of 749 teachers. Study tools: Two tools were used; Tool (I): Five parts; personal data, chronic diseases, data of knee pain, risk factors of knee osteoarthritis and school teachers knowledge. Tool (II): Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score scale. Results: It found that 42.6% aged 40 -< 50, 56.9% female and 80.2% were overweight and obese, 51.3% of teachers suffering from knee pain and 70.2% had poor knowledge which affected by age, educational level, residence and years of experience. As well as, pain and symptoms subscales of Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome were significantly linked with age, sex and body mass index. Conclusion and recommendations: There were deficient of knowledge about knee osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the most significant risk factors were age, female sex, urban residence, body mass index more than or equal 25 (kg/m 2 ), married status, presence of chronic diseases, education and family history. It was recommended that health education program about knee osteoarthritis should be provided for school teachers.

Introduction: Substance abuse among school age has become an issue of concern and public health problems throughout the world. Aim: To assess knowledge and attitudes of teachers about substance abuse. Subjects and method: A descriptive research design used in four secondary schools which selected by simple random sampling; (490) teachers included in the study. Two tools used; tool (1): self-administrative questionnaire included two parts; Part (1): Included questions regarding personal data. Part (2): teachers' knowledge about substances abuse included 17questions as definition, types, and risk factors. Tool (2): teachers' attitude about substance abuse Results: There was a statistically significant difference between teachers' attitude regarding substance abuse and their level of education. Conclusion: Less than half of study sample had poor knowledge about substance abuse while the majority of the teachers had positive attitude regarding dangerous of substance abuse. Recommendation: Health education for teachers about importance of closed monitoring and supervision for school age children for early detection of substances abuse.

Background: Nowadays, widespread usage of colours increases the need for accurate estimation of colour vision defects and their effect on performing daily activities and study/work tasks. Aims: To determine the prevalence and predictors of colour vision defects among Assiut university students and to identify their relationship with self-reported visual function and perceived difficulties in performing daily activities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1426 students at Assiut University, Egypt. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire consisting of: personal characteristics, prior awareness of colour vision defects, difficulties in daily colour vision activities, and visual function. Colour vision was assessed using Ishihara’s test of colour deficiency. Results: The prevalence of colour vision defects among students was 6.9% (red–green colour vision was 4.3% and total colour blindness was 2.6%). Students with colour vision defects had significantly higher odds ratios for difficulties in daily activities and study/work tasks related to colour perception. Students with colour vision defects had significantly lower mean values of general health, role difficulties, and colour vision scores compared to students with normal colour insight. Male sex and family history of colour vision defects were risk factors. Conclusions: A non-negligible percentage of Egyptian university students had colour vision defects, which had a negative impact on performing daily activities, executing study/work tasks, and choice of study/work specialties. Colour vision defects affected quality of life with regard to general health, role difficulties and colour vision. Male sex and family history of colour vision defects are nonmodifiable risk factors. This emphasizes the need for genetic counselling, especially in consanguineous marriage.