Agriculture sector is of the utmost importance to the economy of a country and incidentally it is also most vulnerable to global climate change. Climate change is taking a toll on India’s agricultural production and productivity. Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) has projected that by the end of 21st century temperature in India is likely to increase by 3-4°C which would lead to a loss of 3-26% in net agricultural revenues. Aggravated climatic factors will ultimately decline plant productivity, which will result in increased prices and unaffordable rates for the common population. The absence of mitigation and adaptation measures may result in lower farm income by 12-40% in the coming years. This issue is an important concern for livelihood, economic development and ensuring food and job security of an agrarian nation like India. The causes that ultimately are contributing to increase in greenhouse gases, deterioration of soil and water ecology must be identified and rectified. Crop productivity in the countries of southern hemisphere is expected to decrease by as much as 20 per cent, with less developed countries suffering the greatest negative effects according to IPCC report 2007. Hence, adaptation to current agricultural scenario must be undertaken at once to avoid the risks incurred and tackle complications arising due to global climate change. How quickly Indian farmers are able to adjust in their farming practices to adapt to climate change and what policies or technologies will enable rapid adaptation are issues that merit attention of everyone. However, a rapid adaptation is less possible in a developing country like India, where availability to information and capital is limited among the majority of farmers.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2021 at crop research farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) with the objective to evaluate the influence of molybdenum and biofertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea. The soil texture of the experimental plot was sandy loam, nearly neutral in soil reaction having pH 7.1. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design with ten treatments and were replicated thrice. The treatments comprising of different levels of molybdenum and bio-fertilizers i.e. Rhizobium and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria whose effect was observed in Cowpea. The treatment 6 with application of molybdenum 4g/kg seed and Rhizobium + PSB recorded significantly higher in plant height (78.64cm), branches/plant (15.07), nodules/plant (37.87) and dry weight (45.11g/plant). Molybdenum 4g/kg seed and Rhizobium + PSB also recorded significantly higher in yield and yield attributes viz. pods/plant (16.20), seeds/pod (12.80), seed yield (1.50t/ha), stover yield (4.17t/ha). Therefore, treatment with application of Molybdenum 4g/kg seed along with Rhizobium and PSB was more productive and can be recommended to farmers after further trails.

An experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2021 at Crop Research Farm, NAI, SHUATS to study about the Performance of different organic liquid manures on growth and yield of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment consisted of 9 treatments which includes 3 doses of Panchagavya i.e., Panchagavya 2%, 4% and 6% and 3 doses of Jeevamruth i.e., Control, Jeevamruth 500 l/ha, and Jeevamruth 1000 l/ha, whose effect is observed on Field pea (var. RACHANA). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments replicated thrice. The treatment with the application of Panchagavya 6% + Jeevamruth 1000 l/ha recorded significantly higher plant height (100.8 cm), number of Nodules per plant (28.3), plant dry weight (32.98 g), number of pods per plant (23. 3), number of seeds per pod (5.13), Seed index (22.07 g) Seed yield (2.57 t/ha), Stover yield (3.81 t/ha) and Harvest index (40.23%) compared to other treatment combinations. The maximum gross return (INR 238700.00/ha), net return (INR 1,68, 752.00/ha) and B:C ratio (2.41) is recorded in treatment with the application of Panchagavya 6% + Jeevamruth 1000 l/ha.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The experimental soil used in this experiment was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated three times on the basis of one year experimentation. The treatments which were Control (RDF), 2.5 kg B/ha + PSB, 2.5 kg B/ha + Azotobacter, 2.5 kg B/ha + PSB + Azotobacter, 5.0 kg B/ha + PSB, 5.0 kg B/ha + Azotobacter, 5.0 kg B/ha + PSB + Azotobacter, 7.5 kg B/ha + PSB, 7.5 kg B/ha + Azotobacter and 7.5 kg B/ha + PSB + Azotobacter are used. The results showed that application of 7.5 kg B/ha + PSB + Azotobacter showed significantly higher plant height (85.36 cm), No. of Branches/plant (6.57), Plant dry weight (19.53 g/plant), Crop growth rate (20.89 g/m2/day), capsules/plant (52.57), Seeds/capsule (62.60), Test weight (3.38 g), Seed yield (1.1635 t/ha), Stover yield (3.3819 t/ha), Biological yield (4.5556 t/ha), gross returns (Rs.79723.65/ha), net return (Rs.52849.25/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.96) as compared to other treatments. Therefore, treatment with application of 7.5 B/ha along with  PSB 10 g/kg seeds and Azotobacter 10 g/kg seeds was more productive and can be recommended to farmers after further trials.

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid (summer), 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), India. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), organic carbon (0.75%), available nitrogen (269.96 Kg/ha), available phosphorus (33.10 Kg/ha), and available potassium (336 Kg/ha). The treatments comprised of Panchagavya (3%), Jeevamrutha (500 lit/ha), cow urine (2500 lit./ha), and spraying schedule on (7, 10 &15) different days. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated three times. The results showed that; Plant height (91.36 cm), number of branches per plant (5.47), number of nodules per plant (15), plant dry weight (20.31 g/plant) were recorded significantly higher with Panchagavya (3%) + at an interval of 7 days. Whereas, the number of pods per plant (7.27), number of seeds per pod (12.33), seed yield (1.28 t/ha), and stover yield (4.02 t/ha) was recorded significantly higher with the application of Panchagavya (3%) + at an interval of 7 days. Thus, foliar application of cow-based liquid manure with a different spraying schedule could be a promising option for yield enhancement in cowpea.