The unique selective adsorption of hydrophilic dyes gives the hybrid hydrogels of hyperbranched poly(ether amine) (SiO 1.5 -hPEA-Gels) potential in the separation. We here introduced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to enhance the mechanical strength of hybrid hydrogels to extend them into the practical application. A series of PVA-enhanced hybrid hydrogels (PVA@SiO 1.5 -hPEA-Gels) were prepared by chemically cross-linking between hydroxyl groups of PVA and trimethoxysilyl groups of hyperbranched poly(ether amine) (TMS-hPEA) in water. The compress stress of PVA@SiO 1.5 -hPEA-Gels increased significantly with the increasing content of PVA. Compared to hybrid hydrogel without PVA, the stress of PVA@SiO 1.5 -hPEA-1/2-Gel containing 33% PVA increased hundreds of times. The adsorption behavior of the obtained PVAenhanced hydrogels to ten hydrophilic dyes was investigated in detail. Regardless of their charge states, PVA@SiO 1.5 -hPEA-Gels exhibited the quick adsorption to Ponceau S (PS), Rose Bengal (RB), Orange G (OG), and Ponceau SX (PSX) with a high adsorption capacity (Q eq ) and very slow adsorption of Bismarck brown Y (BY), Methylene Blue trihydrate (MB), and Rhodamine 6G (R6G) with a low adsorption capacity. The adsorption process was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the introduction of PVA has no obvious effect on the adsorption behavior in this study. The big difference in the adsorption to the different dyes is indicative of the selective adsorption of PVA@SiO 1.5 -hPEA-Gels to dyes. A methodology of dynamic separation of dye's mixtures (PS/BY and OG/MB) in water is finally demonstrated by using PVA@SiO 1.5 -hPEA-Gels.

The rapid advances in the Internet of things and wearable devices have created a massive platform for sensor systems that detect chemical or biological agents. The accelerated development of these devices in recent years has simultaneously aggravated the power supply problems. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a thriving renewable energy technology with the potential to revolutionize this field. In this review, the significance of TENG‐based sensor systems in chemical or biological detection from the perspective of the development of power supply for biochemical sensors is discussed. Further, a range of TENGs are classified according to their roles as power supplies and/or self‐powered active sensors. The TENG powered sensor systems are further discussed on the basis of their framework and applications. The working principles and structures of different TENG‐based self‐powered active sensors are presented, along with the classification of the sensors based on these factors. In addition, some representative applications are introduced, and the corresponding challenges are discussed. Finally, some perspectives for the future innovations of TENG‐based sensor systems for chemical/biological detection are discussed.

We herein report a novel hybrid hydrogel (SiO 1.5 -hPEAs-Gels), which was fabricated by the direct hydrolysis of trimethoxysilyl groups containing hyperbranched poly(ether amine)s (TMS-hPEAs) in water. The adsorption behaviors of guest molecule dyes by the obtained SiO 1.5 -hPEAs-Gels were investigated systematically. The adsorption process was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics at the initial stage, but followed pseudo-second-order kinetics at later stages. SiO 1.5 -hPEAs-Gels exhibited a quick adsorption of guest dyes such as Ponceau S (PS), Rose Bengal (RB), Neutral Red (NR) and Methyl Orange (MO) with a high adsorption capacity (Q eq ), and very slow adsorption of Methylene Blue trihydrate (MB) and Rhodamine 6G (R6G) with a low adsorption capacity. The big difference in the adsorption behaviors of dyes indicated that the SiO 1.5 -hPEAs-Gels can adsorb guest molecules selectively. Based on these results, we demonstrated a method for dynamic separation of a mixture of dyes, which can be controlled by the contact time. For example, SiO 1.5 -hPEA211-Gel can adsorb and remove only PS selectively from a mixture of PS/MB. These characteristics will give SiO 1.5 -hPEAs-Gels potential for controlled separation.

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Spiradiclis danxiashanensis, a new species segregated from S. guangdongensis, is described and illustrated. The morphological description of S. guangdongensis is emended accordingly. Both species are Chinese endemics and a conservation assessment to each of them is provided using IUCN guidelines.