Se estudiaron las disfunciones de las habilidades sociales en adolescentes de 11 y 12 años de NES -Nivel Socioeconómico- bajo de Tucumán (Argentina) empleando el Cuestionario de Conducta Antisocial (CC-A) de Martorell y González Barrón (1992) y una encuesta sociodemográfica. Se indagó si se registraban conductas de agresividad, aislamiento y retraimiento (factores evaluados por el CC-A), y si existían diferencias significativas en función del género. Se describió el contexto socioeconómico en el que estaba inserto el adolescente. La muestra incluyó 106 sujetos escolarizados (55% mujeres, 45% varones) y se utilizó metodología descriptiva y exploratoria. Si bien la mayor parte de los participantes no presentaron déficits en el comportamiento social, en el 11% se identificaron comportamientos agresivos, en el 11% de aislamiento y en un 19% timidez y retraimiento. Se formulan hipótesis acerca de la relación entre los resultados encontrados y el contexto socioeconómico.
ResumenSe realizó un estudio de las habilidades cognitivas en niños de contextos de pobreza, con el propósito de conocer la cualidad de las mismas, directamente relacionadas con el bajo rendimiento escolar y el concomitante riesgo de fracaso escolar en esta población.Participaron 53 niños de ambos sexos que asisten a 4º año de EGB-2 de una escuela suburbana de la ciudad de San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. Para ello se utilizaron las pruebas de Analogías y Construcción con Cubos de la Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para niños (WISC III) y un protocolo de registro elaborado por el equipo de investigación. Los datos fueron articulados con una encuesta sociodemográfica, que indagaba sobre el contexto socio-económico del niño.De los resultados se destaca que el 18.9 % de los niños presentan habilidades cognitivas inferior al término medio referidas a la capacidad de formación de conceptos verbales y el 13.2 % en formación de conceptos no verbales. Las habilidades refieren a la capacidad de clasificación y categorización, para lo cual el sujeto necesita organizar, abstraer y encontrar relaciones entre hechos o ideas y comprensión de las consignas oral/auditivas. Las habilidades no verbales aluden a la capacidad de realizar procesos de análisis-síntesis y de aplicar el razonamiento no verbal a las relaciones espaciales.Palabras clave: habilidades cognitivas-pobreza-aprendizaje mediado-cambio cognitivo. Abstract Cognitive abilities in children in contexts of povertyA series of studies of cognitive abilities were conducted on a group of children at a context of poverty, in reason of learning about the quality of such capabilities, and in direct relationship to low school performance and subsequent risk of academic underachievement. * Lic. en Psic. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. e-mail: parolocohen@arnet.com.ar ** Dra. en Psicología. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. **** Psicóloga. Aux. Doc. Facultad de Psicología, UNT. Fifty three 4 th year EGB-2 (Elementary School) children of both sexes participated. They attend a suburban school outside the city of San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.Tests of Analogies and Building with Cubes of Wechsler ´s Intelligence Scale III (WISCIII ) were used in the process. Additionally, a register protocol was prepared by the research team. Outcomes were articulated with a demographic poll inquiring on the social-economic context of the children.Results reveal a proportion of 18.9 % of the children showing below standard records in cognitive abilities related to the aptitude in forming verbal concepts, and of 13.2 % in non-verbal concepts. Verbal abilities refer to the faculty of classifying and categorizing, for which the subject needs to organize, abstract and find relationship between facts or ideas and the comprehension of oral/audio assignments. Non-verbal abilities submit to the aptitude of making processes of analysis-synthesis and applying non-verbal reasoning to spatial relationships.This group of children was selected to receive -...
Mini ReviewThis paper will attempt to address the intersection between research and psychoanalysis; concepts which in recent years have left of being a bad team. Although the term research has long been discredited within the psychoanalytic areas, at the beginning of the analytic experience, Freud had assigned an essential place. Research involving always encounter with fingerprints, markings, signs, through which you get to the truth of the thing. Involved, although not always made explicit, an epistemology, a plan of research based on the objectives and conditions of inquiry, some techniques that are used to collect the information, and finally, a method of analysis of those data León [1]. Two large prevailing methodological paradigms in science are called quantitative, positivist source methods, and qualitative methods, which involved over the subjectivity of the researcher, of phenomenological/hermeneutical origin. Although my practice as a researcher comes from the hand of investigations called empirical, with a mainly quantitative methodology, although always in the search for the articulation with qualitative data, in this communication I'm going to allow to think, to question, to interrogate the Research from another discipline such as Psychoanalysis, which determines its own methodology of research.
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