The fight against smoking through various smoking cessation methods could be very effective by early education especially in young people for preventing the occurrence or the severity of obstructive lung diseases. The aim of the study was to present the impact of varenicline, a selective partial nicotine agonist, in adults of 40-49 year-old, active smokers, recently diagnosed with COPD, from 2009 to 2011, in a Smoking Cessation Center of the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Clinic Iasi, Romania. There were included all male employees, without occupational exposure, active smokers, with a personal history of smoking �10 packs-year cigarettes, recently diagnosed with COPD, who inform consented to be enrolled for counseling and smoking cessation treatment provided by varenicline. All patients received COPD therapy, according to the current GOLD recommendations. The method of evalution the impact of smoking cessation methods consisted in the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) completed by cases before and after 12 weeks program of smoking cessation counseling and therapy and respiratory rehabilitation. The CAT is a short questionnaire, simple and validated tool of COPD symptoms assessment, measuring the severity of COPD on a patient�s quality of life. Results reveals an important decreasing of CAT score with important amelioration of symptoms especially in severe COPD patients. Counseling, smoking cessation and respiratory rehabilitation interventions have shown positive effects of smoking cessation with varenicline among young COPD patients 40-49 year-old.

Background: The effects of two lipidlowering drugs, simvastatin and fenofibrate on osteoporosis in the femurs of healthy and ovariectomized female rats were investigated quantitatively by histological images and

Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sleep apnea SA (overlap syndrome - OS) includes serious clinical manifestations and high mortality due to early respiratory failure, cardiovascular and metabolic complications from both diseases. 90 COPD patients (85.5% males) were strongly suspected to have concomitant SA after clinical examination and sleep questionnaires. We performed a cardio-ventilatory poligraphy during sleep. 82 patients (91.1%) from our OS group had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 8 patients (8.9%) mixed apnea and 20% had also OHS. 17 (18.8%) of OS were overweight and 66 (73.3%) obese. A third of them were in a very active group of age: 49 patients (54.4%) under 60 year-old and 11 patients (12.2%) between 61-65 year/old. We noted severe complication/comorbidities in our OS group: 63.3% hypertension, 43.3% core pulmonale, 31.1% arrhythmia, 32.2% cardiac failure, 38.8% dyslipidemia, 31.1% diabetes. The second night investigation permitted titration for the targeted pressures for CPAP therapy (Continuous Positive Airways Pressure). Treatment of OS patients had an interdisciplinary approach: CPAP in OSA, BPAP (Bi-level Positive Airways Pressure) in OHS, inhaled bronchodilators, treatment of cardiovascular comorbities, pulmonary rehabilitation, weight loss, tobacco/alcohol cessation counseling, and oxygen therapy in remaining hypoxemic patients. 51.2% of patients had not accessibility for long time CPAP (lack of coverage by the public health system). OS included clinical aspects of severity due to both COPD and OSA. Clinical investigation, sleep questionnaires, assessment of the diurnal somnolence and sleep cardiorespiratory poligraphy are recommended in all COPD patients. Obesity was the main risk factor for OSA in COPD patients.

The most valuable method for a proper recognition of OSD is to increase the awareness of physicians involved in the management of OSD (occupational physicians, GPs, dermatologists), as well as employers and workers. There is an urgent need to improve national legislation, to develop and promote adequate preventive programmes, emphasizing ethical, legal, economical and psychological aspects in order to achieve an increased recognition and a real reporting of OSD, and to enforce an international action plan for Eastern Europe in order to improve the notification of OSD.

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most severe disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) spectrum. Negative automatic thoughts (NAT), cognitive fusion (CF), and experiential avoidance (EA), as part of psychological inflexibility (PI), can be considered important dysfunctional cognitive processes in schizophrenia. Methods: In the present study, two samples were included: a target group consisting of 41 people with schizophrenia (23 females; aged 44.98 ± 11.74), and a control group consisting of 40 individuals with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) (27 males; aged 60.38 ± 9.14). Results: Differences were found between the two groups, with patients with schizophrenia showing an increased frequency of NAT, as well as higher levels of CF and EA (psychological inflexibility), compared to the control group. NAT were the mediator in the relation between the schizophrenia diagnosis and CF, as well as EA. Conclusion: Individuals with schizophrenia present a specific dysfunctional pattern of cognitive functioning, in which negative automatic thoughts represent a distinctive pathway to cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance.