This review paper covers functionalized fullerene, CNTs and GO as components of nanothermites, high explosives, solid propellants and gas generators.

Energetic polynitro anions, such as dinitramide ion [N­(NO2)2 –], have attracted significant interest in the field of energetic materials due to their high densities and rich oxygen contents; however, most of them usually suffer from low stability. Conveniently stabilizing energetic polynitro anions to develop new high energy materials as well as tuning their energetic properties still represent significant challenges. To address these challenges, we herein propose a novel strategy that energetic polynitro anions are encapsulated within energetic cationic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). We present N­(NO2)2 – encapsulated within a three-dimensional (3D) energetic cationic MOF through simple anion exchange. The resultant inclusion complex exhibits a remarkable thermal stability with the onset decomposition temperature of 221 °C, which is, to our knowledge, the highest value known for all dinitramide-based compounds. In addition, it possesses good energetic properties, which can be conveniently tuned by changing the mole ratio of the starting materials. The encapsulated anion can also be released in a controlled fashion without disrupting the framework. This work may shed new insights into the stabilization, storage, and release of labile energetic anions under ambient conditions, while providing a simple and convenient approach for the preparation of new energetic MOFs and the modulation of their energetic properties.

A novel high-nitrogen compound with an N,N 0 -azo linkage, 4,4 0 -azobis(1,2,4-triazole), has been synthesized and well characterized. The solid-state structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. The experimentally determined density and enthalpy of formation matched with theoretically computed values based on the B3LYP method. The DSC result suggests that 4,4 0 -azobis(1,2,4-triazole) decomposes at a relatively high temperature (313.36 C). By comparison with 3,3 0 -azobis(1,2,4triazole), containing a C,C 0 -azo linkage, the N,N 0 -azo linkage was found to provide compounds with a relatively high density and high energy.

A new family of high performance, nitrogen-rich energetic salts containing N,N′-azo linkage were synthesized through the protonation of 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azobis-1,2,4-triazole.

A Au–Ag alloy with oriented stacking has applications in SERS detection and cell adhesion.