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Introduction: Plantar fasciitis is a painful ailment that causes frustration to both the patient and physician. Stretching exercises targeting the plantar fascia are an excellent therapy option for plantar fasciitis.Objective: To compare the outcome of a gastrocnemius-soleus stretching program versus tendo Achilles stretching exercises for the management of chronic plantar fasciitis.Methods: Patients aged 30-70 years of either gender with chronic plantar fasciitis were included and randomly divided into two groups. In group A, the gastrocnemius-soleus stretching program was applied, whereas in group B, the tendo Achilles stretching exercises were adopted. The pain score was determined at baseline and after eight weeks, and the change in pain score was calculated. All information was noted in the proforma and then entered and analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21 (International Business Machines (IBM), New York, United States). An independent-samples ttest was conducted to compare the mean change in pain score in both groups. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: The mean age of the patients in the gastrocnemius-soleus stretching group was 48.70 ± 9.80 years, whereas that in the tendo Achilles stretching exercises group was 48.63 ± 8.43 years. Group A included 16 (53.3%) men and 14 (46.7%) women, whereas in group B, there were 15 (50%) men and 15 (50%) women. The mean change in pain score in group A was 2.57 ± 1.01, whereas that in group B was 1.77 ± 0.57. The difference in both groups was significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Gastrocnemius-soleus stretching exercises are more effective for reducing the symptoms of plantar fasciitis in the adult population.

BackgroundTotal knee replacement (TKR) is an artificial joint surgical procedure that replaces the damaged articular surfaces of the knee joint. Despite several studies on the efficacy of intra-articular and intravenous Tranexamic acid (TX) use in reducing blood loss following TKR, the route of TXA administration is still an ongoing topic of debate. Our study aimed to compare total knee replacement efficacy (hemoglobin level, hematocrit level, hospital stay, and complications) of intra-articular and intravenous tranexamic acid administration.

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Background: The lumbar spine's lumbrosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV), a structural defect, have been variously linked to low back pain (LBP). Their presence can also lead to an incorrect pre-operative level identification. Objective: To examine the relationship between lumbosacral transitional vertebrae detected on plain radiographs and low back pain in patients. Study Setting: Department of orthopedics, Shifa international hospital, Islamabad Methods: The study design was prospective and descriptive. The study was conducted between July 2021 to December 2021. The radiographs of 100 patients with low back pain who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were evaluated. The frequency of patients with low back pain and lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) was calculated using SPSS version 26. For the quantitative data presentation mean and standard deviation was utilized and for qualitative data frequencies were used. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In a sample of 100 patients, 40 were men and 60 were women. 45 patients were diagnosed with axial type of lower back pain. The prevalence of LSTV was 27%, with males constituting the majority. No significant difference in the LSTV and Normal spine age distribution intervals was observed except, in the age interval of 51-60 years with a P-Value of <0.001. Conclusion: There is substantial evidence linking lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and low back pain.