A Gram-stain-negative, facultative aerobic, non-flagellated, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated AR-13(T), was isolated from a seawater on the East Sea in South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain AR-13(T) grew optimally at 30°C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 0-0.5% (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AR-13(T) fell within the clade comprising the type strains of Arcobacter species, clustering coherently with the type strain of Arcobacter venerupis. Strain AR-13(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.1% to the type strain of A. venerupis and of 93.2-96.9% to the type strains of the other Arcobacter species. Strain AR-13(T) contained MK-6 as the only menaquinone and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), C16:0, C18:1 ω7c, and summed feature 2 (iso-C16:1 I and/or C14:0 3-OH) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain AR-13(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unidentified aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 28.3 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness value with the type strain of A. venerupis was 21%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain AR-13(T) is separated from recognized Arcobacter species. On the basis of the data presented, strain AR-13(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arcobacter, for which the name Arcobacter acticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AR-13(T) (=KCTC 52212(T) =NBRC 112272(T)).

A Gram-stain-negative, motile, aerobic, rod-or ovoid-shaped bacterium, designated DB-1 T , was isolated from a tidal flat on the Yellow Sea in South Korea and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain DB-1 T grew optimally at 30 8C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 0.5-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, aerobic and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated T , was isolated from seawater collected from the East Sea, South Korea and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. The novel strain grew optimally at 30-35 8C, at pH 7.0-8.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, motile by gliding and with rod-shaped or ovoid cells, was isolated from water of an estuary environment at Hwajinpo, South Korea. The strain was designated T and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic

A Gram-stain-negative, motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated HJM-18T, was isolated from the place where the ocean and a freshwater lake meet at Hwajinpo, South Korea, and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain HJM-18T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 1.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HJM-18T belonged to the genus Marinobacter. Strain HJM-18T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.05–98.22 % to the type strains of Marinobacter algicola, Marinobacter flavimaris, Marinobacter adhaerens, Marinobacter salarius, Marinobacter salsuginis, Marinobacter guineae and Marinobacter gudaonensis and of 93.21–96.98 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Marinobacter. Strain HJM-18T contained Q-9 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain HJM-18T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 58 mol% and the mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of the seven phylogenetically related species of the genus Marinobacter were 10–27 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain HJM-18T is separated from recognized species of the genus Marinobacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain HJM-18T represents a novel species of the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter confluentis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HJM-18T ( = KCTC 42705T = NBRC 111223T).