RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar a relação entre sinais indicativos de disgrafia e desempenho acadêmico. Métodos: foram incluídas no estudo 25 crianças, matriculadas na 3ª. série do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública da Região Metropolitana de Campinas/SP, sem histórico de lesão cerebral e/ou défi-cit intelectual. Quanto à idade, 21 tinham nove anos e quatro tinham dez anos; 12 eram do sexo masculino. A avaliação foi realizada por meio da Escala de Disgrafia (Lorenzini, 1993) e do Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE) (Stein, 2003). Resultados: seis crianças apresentaram sinais indicativos de disgrafia. A maioria dos alunos teve desempenho acadêmico classificado como inferior em escrita (15/25) e em aritmética (10/25). As crianças com indícios de disgrafia (6/25) tiveram pior desempenho em escrita e aritmética no TDE, quando comparado às demais crianças, porém essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão: conclui-se que, neste grupo, não foi possível estabelecer a relação entre baixo desempenho acadêmico com escrita disgráfica, uma vez que tal dificuldade também foi identificada também entre as crianças consideradas não disgráficas. A boa caligrafia exige, entre outras coisas, controle motor fino, integração visuo-motora, planejamento motor, propriocepção, percepção visual, atenção sustentada e consciência sensorial dos dedos. Falhas podem resultar em caligrafia ilegí-vel e comprometer o desempenho acadêmico da criança 1 . Por essa razão, cresce o interesse em se investigar os aspectos relativos ao diagnóstico 2-9 e intervenção 10-12 de escolares que apresentam problemas com a habilidade de escrever de forma legível. DESCRITORES:Embora os trabalhos produzidos em outras culturas contribuam enormemente para o entendimento do tema, deve-se ter claro que os mesmos refletem um tipo de realidade sócio-econômico-cultural totalmente distinta da nossa e, portanto, não se pode afirmar com segurança se os dados por eles obtidos são aplicáveis à nossa população. Nesse sentido, são plenamente justificáveis as pesquisas sobre a caligrafia e, principalmente, sobre os seus distúrbios, nas crianças brasileiras. INTRODUÇÃONo Brasil, a literatura inerente ao desenvolvimento da leitura, da escrita e da matemática é farta, encontrando-se grande quantidade de trabalhos produzidos por diferentes áreas de conhecimento, tais como pedagogia, psicologia, fonoaudiologia, neurologia, entre outras.No entanto, em se tratando do desenvolvimento da caligrafia, o mesmo não acontece, já que são escassas as pesquisas nacionais voltadas para
The objective of this study was to characterize the children referred to the Neuro-Learning Disorder Clinic at the Public Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (State University of Campinas) in 2010 focusing on the demographics, parents' concerns, and the diagnoses given by the health care professionals. A total of 203 male and female children and young people, aged 4-17 years old, attending kindergarten to high school were analyzed. The children that were referred due to school-related problems underwent interdisciplinary evaluations aiming to establish a diagnosis. After thorough evaluation, the children were treated according to their specific needs. The study sample was predominately comprised of males (67.0%), fifth graders with average age of 10 years and 11 months. The main problems identified were global learning difficulties and inattention. The evaluation results indicated 43.8% of pedagogy-related learning difficulties and 32.2% of intellectual disability issues. The findings corroborate those of other studies on the characterization of behavior and school-related problems of children and adolescents in specialized centers. The results obtained emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary team work to evaluate school-related problems.
Objective: To investigate central auditory processing in children with unilateral stroke and to verify whether the hemisphere affected by the lesion influenced auditory competence. Method: 23 children (13 male) between 7 and 16 years old were evaluated through speech-in-noise tests (auditory closure); dichotic digit test and staggered spondaic word test (selective attention); pitch pattern and duration pattern sequence tests (temporal processing) and their results were compared with control children. Auditory competence was established according to the performance in auditory analysis ability. Results: Was verified similar performance between groups in auditory closure ability and pronounced deficits in selective attention and temporal processing abilities. Most children with stroke showed an impaired auditory ability in a moderate degree. Conclusion: Children with stroke showed deficits in auditory processing and the degree of impairment was not related to the hemisphere affected by the lesion.Keywords: auditory perception, childhood, stroke. RESUMOObjetivo: Investigar as habilidades de processamento auditivo central em crianças com acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) unilateral e verificar se o hemisfério cerebral afetado influiu na competência auditiva. Método: 23 crianças (13 meninos) entre 7 e 16 anos foram avaliados através dos testes de fala com ruído (fechamento auditivo); dicótico de dígitos e de dissílabos alternados (atenção seletiva); padrão temporal de frequência e duração (processamento temporal) e seus resultados comparados aos de crianças controles. A competência auditiva foi estabelecida segundo o desempenho na habilidade de análise auditiva. Resultados: Foi constatado desempenho similar entre os grupos na habilidade de fechamento auditivo e défices acentuados nas habilidades de atenção seletiva e processamento temporal. A maioria das crianças com AVC apresentou comprometimento da habilidade auditiva em grau moderado. Conclusão: Crianças com AVC apresentaram alterações do processamento auditivo e o grau do comprometimento não se relacionou com o hemisfério afetado pela lesão.Palavras-chave: percepção auditiva, infância, acidente vascular cerebral.Childhood stroke were long considered rare and benign. However, 10 to 25% of the affected children die; among survivors, 25% show recurrence that is closely related to the worsening in the prognosis and, 66% have neurological, cognitive, behavioral or, learning problems
The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the cognitive function of children with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD). Fifteen children, 7 girls and 8 boys, aged 7.9 to 16.1 years, were evaluated by Piaget's clinical method. The control group was composed by fifteen children whose ages, sex and socioeconomic conditions were similar to those of the ICVD group. The cognitive function evaluation of the ICVD group showed that most of the children (10/15) were under their age group. The SPECT was performed on 14 children with ICVD and the results showed that 8/9 children with hypoperfusion presented a poor cognitive estimation and 3/5 children with normal perfusion demonstrated an adequate performance. We conclude that ICVD in childhood may compromise cognition; therefore, it needs a follow up of acquisitions during alI the stages of development.
Objective. To assess cognitive development and learning in children who have had strokes. Method. Twenty-nine stroke patients and 18 children with no brain lesions and no learning impairments were evaluated. For the cognitive assessment, Piaget's clinical method was used. Writing, arithmetic, and reading abilities were assessed by the school performance test. Results. The mean age at evaluation was 9.6 years. Among the 29 children, 20 had early lesions (mean of 2.4 years old). The stroke was ischemic in 18 subjects; there were 7 cases of recurrence. Six children could not answer the tests. A high index of cognitive delay and low performance in writing, arithmetic, and reading were verified. Comparison with the control group revealed that the children who have had strokes had significantly lower performances. Conclusion. In this sample, strokes impaired cognitive development and learning. It is important that children have access to educational support and cognitive rehabilitation after injury. These approaches may minimise the effects of strokes on learning in children.
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