A partir d'un corpus constitué par les réponses de 246 étudiants, devant définir le terme "odeur" et citer des types d'odeurs, nous menons une analyse des dénominations employées : condition d'emploi et formes des dénominations (noms simples, synapsies), analyse des adjectifs construits morphologiquement (les constructions déverbales permettent de mettre en avant la notion d'"effet"), mise à jour d'axes de classification (c'est-à-dire des types de propriétés visées à travers la dénomination). Il apparaît que le domaine de l'odeur est un champ organisé par l'expérience personnelle, hypothèse qui est confrontée à l'analyse de l'emploi des marques personnelles (pronoms et déterminants). De manière plus générale, ce travail vise à montrer l'importance de la prise en compte les données linguistiques pour parvenir à une représentation cognitive du domaine olfactif.
The presented cognitive approach of noises in urban environments focuses on meaning and as such integrates linguistic, psychological, and acoustic conceptualizations and methodologies. It deals with the acoustic phenomena that are perceived, conceived, and said as relevant by the subjects. The productivity of this approach has been evaluated in two research programs. Experiments combining linguistic and psychological analyses showed that urban soundscapes include a complex combination of unpleasant and pleasant noises. The identity of the source and the temporal and spatial contexts of occurrence of the noises are present in subjects’ cognitive representation and influence their perception. Experiments on alarm signals showed that contextual contraints influence the perceptual thresholds of the signals, their identification, and their efficiency (contrasting signals as such with nonmeaningful noises). In conclusion, such a ‘‘situated’’ cognitive (and pluridisciplinary) approach allows (i) at a theoretical level, to identify the roles of top down (high level) constraints on low-level perceptual processing and (ii) at a methodological level, it suggests to first design procedures to identify the meaningful categories of sounds and their properties at linguistic and psychological levels before describing them in physical dimensions and experimentally manipulating them in psychophysical paradigms.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.