The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of alginate and CaCl2 concentration of antioxidant activity and betacyanin content of restructuring product of red dragon fruit, and to determine the best formulation of the product restructuring that produces antioxidant activity and the content of the highest betacyanin on product restructuring. Data were analyzed by 4x2 Factorial Design and Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. As the first factor is the alginate concentration which are 2 %, 3 %, 4 % and 5 %. The second factors are calcium cloride (CaCl2) 0.5 % and 0.75 %, while as the block is the time analysis. To test the differences between treatments means, the Honestly Significant of Differences (HSD) were used at 5% level of significant.The results showed that the higher concentrations of alginate and CaCl2 causes declining content of antioxidant activity and betacyanin, the best results are obtained is at a concentration of 2% alginate and CaCl2 0.5% with betacyanin levels 0.537 ± 0.062 mg/g dry weight basis and 0.132 ± 0.011 mg / g wet weight basis. The antioxidant activity of H. polyrhyzus restructuring amounted to 77.452% ± 0.624. ©2016 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.

Cyanobacteria have been known as a potential extracellular-polysaccharide (EPS) producer. The objective of this study was to screen the marine cyanobacteria as potential antidiabetic agents. The present investigation was designed to determine the antidiabetic activity of EPS, intracellular-polysaccharide (IPS) and biomass extracts from marine cyanobacteria isolates. 10 cyanobacteria isolates were cultivated in IMK medium, at 25 o C for 21 days. The morphology of cells was identified by a light microscope. EPS and IPS were separated by ethanol precipitation method and their antidiabetic activity was analyzed by the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity method. Results of morphology identification of 10 cyanobacteria isolates consist of Oscillatoria limnetica, Oscillatoria sp., Leptolyngbya sp., Pseudanabaena sp., Lyngbya sp. and Phormidium sp., Coelastrella sp., Aphanothece sp. and Synechococcus sp., and Chroococcus sp. Almost all of EPS from marine cyanobacteria isolates were potential as inhibitor of α-glucosidase, except for Oscillatoria limnetica and Phormidium sp. isolates. The highest activity in α-glucosidase inhibition was detected in Pseudanabaena sp. (14.02%) and Chroococcus sp. (13.0%) isolates.

Plastic wastes and petrochemical-based polymer materials have become a serious problem to the environment due to the characteristics of these materials that are difficult to degrade in nature. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is one type of biodegradable plastics that have a great potential to replace the widely-used hydrocarbon plastics since it will decompose completely into carbon dioxide and water after burial for several months in the soil. PHA can be produced by microorganisms such as bacteria and algae through a fermentation process. The objective of this research is to obtain bacteria that can produce PHA. Screening was carried out by two sequential steps, qualitative and followed by quantitative methods. An amount of 29 bacteria strains isolated from Indonesians soil were screened for this purpose. The qualitative screening was conducted by growing the bacteria in a specific medium containing Nile red dye. The results showed that 19 strains were positive, generated pink to orange colonies under UV light at 235 nm. It was also confirmed by fluorescence microscope. The quantitative screening was performed by measuring the intracellular materials (predicted as PHA) of the bacterial cells by gravimetric method. The results indicated that the highest average of PHA content was 52.9%, 35.6% and 35.4 of dried cell weight, respectively for the Burkholderia sp B73, Bacillus sp B58, Bacillus toyonensis B50 and Staphylococcus cohni B66.

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