Betadine Plants leaves were extracted with methanol and carried out by maceration then evaporated with a rotary evaporator. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the composition of chemical compounds contained in the methanol extract of betadine (Jatropha muitifida Linn) leaves by GC-MS. The results of this analysis can be used as a reference in determining the antimicrobial activity of betadine leaves. The results of GC-MS on betadine leaf extract samples detected 27 peaks of compounds, the 3 most dominant compounds were at retention times of 18,072, 19,950 and 20,058, namely 9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-; 7-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-; Methyl hexadec-9-enoate; 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)-; and Phytol.
Edible films are usually used to coat food products, so it can maintain the food quality. Gelatin is one of hydrocolloids that is used for edible film production. There are many sources of gelatin, one of them is catfish bone gelatin. In this research, catfish bones were extracted by several methods and then incorporated with red dragon fruit peel extract for edible film production. Red dragon fruit peels were extracted by maceration using distillate water. The red dragon peel extract was divided into two, one of them directly used for edible film production. The other one was evaporated until it became paste before used for edible film production. The catfish bone gelatin, red dragon fruit peel extract and edible film were analyzed for characterization. The result showed that simultaneous maceration with NaOH 0.1 N for 4 h and 4% citric acid for 48 h was the best method for gelatin extraction from catfish bone. Red dragon peel extract in liquid form was better than paste form when is used to modify edible film from catfish bone gelatin. The physical characteristic of edible film showed that the thickness was at 1.8 -2.8 x 10 -2 mm, the water vapor transmission rate was at 14.34-10.68 g.m -2 . day -1 , the solubility was at 68.7-79.8%, the elongation at break was around 8.46-12.54% and the tensile strength was at 0.1-0.58 Nm -2 .
Matoa seed and rind as an antioxidant for humans need to be strengthened by research on the toxicity. One of the toxicity tests is using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The mortality value was determined using a probit analysis to determine the toxicity value using the Lethal Concentration (LC-50) on the solvent fractions of ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane. The toxicity value (LC-50) of Matoa seed extract in hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents were 153, 90 ppm, 141, 09 ppm and 153.65 ppm. The toxicity value (LC-50) of Matoa rind extract in hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were 109, 34 ppm, 172, 98 ppm and 139.41 ppm, respectively. All the solvents had bioactive compound which had high toxicity because they have LC50 <1000 ppm . The highest toxicity was found in the rind of the matoa fruit extracted using hexane and methanol solvent with LC50 values 109, 34 ppm and 139.41 ppm, while the hexane extract had the lowest toxicity was 172.98 ppm.
Resin penukar ion adalah salah satu teknik pemisahan yang berkembang yang digunakan untuk penghilangan logam dalam suatu sampel berupa larutan. Salah satu resin yang penggunaannya luas adalah resin lewatit yang mempunyai sifat pertukaran yang selektif untuk beberapa ion logam. Resin lewatit dapat menyerap ion logam timbel (Pb2+) yang dipengaruhi oleh putaran agitasi dengan variasi kecepatan yang dicobakan 50, 100 dan 150 rpm dan dikombinasi dengan variasi waktu agitasi yaitu 30, 60 dan 90 menit. Penyerapan ion logam Pb2+ dengan kecepatan agitasi 50rpm pada waktu agitasi masing – masing 30, 60 dan 90 menit sebesar 0.4695, 0.6428, 1.001 ppm. Penyerapan ion logam Pb2+ dengan kecepatan agitasi 100 rpm pada waktu agitasi masing – masing 30, 60 dan 90 menit sebesar 2.0812, 2.1563, 2.6935 ppm. Penyerapan ion logam Pb2+ dengan kecepatan agitasi 150 rpm pada waktu agitasi masing – masing 30, 60 dan 90 menit sebesar 4.0221, 4.6749, 5.000 ppm.
The process of making bioethanol from Bintaro seeds (CERBERA manghas Lin.) has been carried out with a hydrolysis process through a sulfuric acid catalyst at a temperature of 60oC for 30 minutes and fermentation using yeast. Obtained glucose levels of 1.43% with 1.0 M sulfuric acid catalyst. For 30 minutes of hydrolysis time, a glucose level of 8.8% was obtained after the Bintaro seeds were fermented. Fermentation time for 5 days at a temperatur 100oC gives the ethanol content of 0.17%.
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