Internationalization is an emerging trend in the development of higher education institutions (HEIs). Around the world, several projects and university associations and collaborations are launched to enhance internationalization including in Indonesia. For Indonesia, internationalization is an inevitable process and considered as a strategic step that Indonesian government should take in the globalizing world, especially after the ratification of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) by the government in 1994. Since then, the Government of Indonesia revises and produces policy and statutory regulations to promote international education in Indonesia and guarantee a good practice of integration of international dimension. Although many studies have been conducted to analyze this trend, very few studies focus on the legislations support for internationalization. For this purpose, the authors analyze the regulation with a normative juridical approach.

Purpose - This study aimed to analyze the learning model for speaking Arabic in the perspective of constructivism theory at Al Muhsinin Kerinci Islamic Boarding School and teachers’ effort in supporting the learning model used. Design/methodology/approach - The research method used by researchers in this study was field research is descriptive qualitative. Findings - The results showed that the learning model of Arabic speaking skills at Al Muhsinin Kerinci Islamic Boarding School studied contextual learning models consisting of daily communication activities using Arabic, quantum learning models related to independent learning activities and further learning, cooperative learning models including activities morning vocabulary learning and Arabic conversation and problem-based learning models in Arabic discussion. Originality/value – Learning Arabic speaking skills for non-native speakers in the Boarding School needs to be constructed with complications from a compilation of various learning models. Paper type – Research Paper

This article aims to overview how the International Humanitarian Law regulates the protection of cultural heritages at the event of armed conflict. Applying a normative legal method, this article coclude that the protection for the cultural objects during an armed conflict is regulated in the Hague Convention IV of 1907, the Geneva Conventions IV of 1949, the Hague Convention of 1954, and the Second Protocols to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1999. The Hague Convention of 1954 mentions about safeguarding of the cultural property from any harm as a result of armed conflicts and about respect for the cultural objects. Each nation is responsible to avoid, prevent, and forbid any harfmul acts against cultural property. However, no stipulation is mentioned on how the victims whose cultural objects are destroyed could sue for any destructions. Therefore it is recommended that a special International Body be formed to supervise any harmful activities toward the cultural objects. Such a body might be more than just an International Court of Justice whose function is to settle any objections, sues, or claims from parties whose cultural objecs have been destroyed during armed conflicts.