Classroom management (CM) is one of the most important issues in education and this research was aimed at understanding the classroom management problems and the coping strategies of Indonesian Islamic Boarding schools’ [hereinafter-termed pesantren] with the uniqueness of their system from the perspectives of the English teachers. Specifically, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom management (CM) problems and the coping strategies of Indonesian Islamic boarding schools’ teachers. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and observation with eight English teachers working in the three pesantren. We organized our analysis and discussion around their perspectives and the contexts in which the classroom management problems and the coping strategies they encountered emerged. Seven major themes emerged, which were (1) challenged by students’ participation and motivation, (2) managing students’ behaviors: between punishment and encouragement, (3) dealing with three languages in the classroom, (4) teachers’ performance as a source of challenges in CM, (5) teachers’ discipline: rule breaking due to lower salary, (6) non major English teachers, but forced to teach English, (7) struggling with time management, and (8) struggling to manage large classes.

Internationalization is an emerging trend in the development of higher education institutions (HEIs). Around the world, several projects and university associations and collaborations are launched to enhance internationalization including in Indonesia. For Indonesia, internationalization is an inevitable process and considered as a strategic step that Indonesian government should take in the globalizing world, especially after the ratification of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) by the government in 1994. Since then, the Government of Indonesia revises and produces policy and statutory regulations to promote international education in Indonesia and guarantee a good practice of integration of international dimension. Although many studies have been conducted to analyze this trend, very few studies focus on the legislations support for internationalization. For this purpose, the authors analyze the regulation with a normative juridical approach.

This article aims to analyze and compares the business decision in the value of justice in any case of the company losses according to the company law in Indonesia and Malaysia. Narrative review based on the study cases was used to make a comparison and conclusion regarding the problem. Based on several cases in Indonesian and Malaysian court regarding the director and non-director officer’s decision that leads to company loss, it has been proven that Indonesia did not implement the protection for the directors even the decision is proven for the sake of the company. This makes the directors and officers became hesitant due to the fear of not having protection against the lawsuit should their decision causing deprivation for the company. Meanwhile, in Malaysia, the court has full protection for the director should their decision were proven for the sake of saving the company. Thus, it can be concluded that Indonesia has not fully implemented the business judgment rule compared to Malaysia.

This study aims to: Determine the function and role of informed consent in a therapeutic agreement in terms of contract law. As for the formulation of the problem, namely: How is the function and role of informed consent in therapeutic agreements in terms of contract law. Using normative juridical research methods with research approaches used are statutory approaches and conceptual approaches. The results showed that: For doctors, informed consent has a function to provide a sense of security in carrying out medical actions on patients, it can also be used as a means of self-defense against the possibility of claims or lawsuits from patients or their families if the results of medical actions lead to unwanted consequences. Meanwhile, for the patient, informed consent is an embodiment of the patient's right to receive information about the disease he or she is suffering from, what medical action will be taken, the worst possible outcome of the medical action taken, other alternative treatments, and the prognosis. Informed consent also gives patients the freedom to act and make medical decisions for themselves. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: Mengetahui fungsi dan peran informed consent pada perjanjian terapeutik ditinjau dari hukum perjanjian. Adapun yang menjadi rumusan masalah yaitu: Bagaimana fungsi dan peranan informed consent pada perjanjian terapeutik ditinjau dari hukum perjanjian.Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Bagi dokter informed consent memiliki fungsi untuk memberikan rasa aman dalam menjalankan tindakan medis pada pasien, juga bisa dijadikan sebagai alat pembelaan diri terhadap kemungkinan adanya tuntutan atau gugatan dari pasien atau keluarganya bila hasil dari tindakan medis menimbulkan akibat yang tidak diinginkan. Sementara itu, bagi pihak pasien, informed consent merupakan perwujudan dari hak pasien untuk menerima informasi penyakit yang dideritanya, tindakan medis apa yang akan dilakukan, kemungkinan terburuk akibat tindakan medis yang dilakukan, alternatif pengobatan lainnya,serta prognosisinya. Informed consent juga memberi kebebasan bagi pasien untuk bertindak dan2mengambil keputusan medis untuk dirinya sendiri.

In Bajubang District, the population added, is Muslim and works in the field of rubber business, which is profitable, so as to create business opportunities for people who want to become rubber entrepreneurs, it is necessary for rubber entrepreneurs to pay zakat maal from selling rubber which can be categorized as zakat commerce or trade. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze how to implement the results of rubber zakat by rubber entrepreneurs in terms of Islamic law and what happens in the implementation of zakat rubber trading by rubber entrepreneurs. Bajubang District has a population of less than 41,513 people, with 72 rubber entrepreneurs from nine villages in Bajubang District. This research is included in the Empirical research conducted Descriptive is research conducted to examine and see the implementation, status and how to determine the ratio of rubber trade zakat by rubber entrepreneurs, In this study primary data and secondary data are used with data collection methods conducted through interviews and literature studies. . The collected data was analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate the implementation of zakat on the results of rubber trade by rubber entrepreneurs and the implementation that occurs in the implementation of zakat on rubber commerce by rubber entrepreneurs Keywords: Rubber; Business; Zakat. Abstrak Di Kecamatan Bajubang mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam dan bekerja di bidang usaha perkebunan karet bernilai ekonomis tingi yang menguntungkan, sehingga menciptakan peluang usaha bagi orang-orang yang ingin menjadi pengusaha karet, Maka dibutuhkan kesadaran oleh pengusaha karet untuk membayar zakat maal dari penjualan karet yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai zakat perniagaan atau perdagangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis  bagaimana pelaksanaan zakat hasil perniagaan karet oleh pengusaha karet ditinjau dari hukum islam dan hambatan apa saja yang terjadi dalam pelaksanaan zakat perniagaan karet oleh pengusaha karet. Kecamatan Bajubang jumlah penduduknya kurang lebih berjumlah 41.513 jiwa dengan rincian 72 pengusaha karet dari sembilan desa dikecamatan Bajubang. Penelitian ini termasuk kedalam penelitian Empiris yang bersifat Deskriptif yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mempelajari dan melihat pelaksanaan, status dan cara menentukan nisab zakat perniagaan karet oleh pengusaha karet, Dalam penelitian ini digunakan data primer dan data sekunder dengan metode pengumpuilan data yang dilakukan melalui wawancaradan studi pustaka. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan pelaksanaan zakat hasil perniagaan karet oleh pengusaha karet dan hambatan yang terjadi dalam pelaksanaan zakat perniagaan karet oleh pengusaha karet. Kata kunci:Zakat; Perniagaan; Karet.