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Aim:The aim of the study was to examine pathology and the distribution pattern of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in internal organs of chickens from a field case using immunohistochemical staining.Materials and Methods:10 groups of broiler, layer, and domestic chicken were collected from necropsy room Division of Pathology, Bogor Agricultural University. These chickens were originated from West Java and collected based on pathologist diagnosis as suspect of Newcastle disease (ND). They were subsequently confirmed positive of ND with real-time-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The respiratory, circulatory, digestive, lymphoreticular and central nervous systems were collected for histopathology examination.Results:The gross pathology and histopathology changes were tracheitis, pneumonia, pericarditis, myocarditis, catarrhal proventriculitis, catarrhal enteritis, typhlitis, perihepatitis, pancreatitis, nephritis interstitial, splenitis, atrophy of Bursa Fabricius, and encephalitis.Conclusion:The distribution pattern of NDV in internal organs of chickens from a field case in this study is similar with a previous reported pattern in systemic cases of the internal chicken organs. High intensity of immunohistochemistry stain result was detected in trachea, lung, proventriculus, duodenum, cecal tonsil, kidney, and brain.

ABSTRAKDemam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bioekologi Aedes spp. dan deteksi virus dengue pada nyamuk Aedes spp. di Kelurahan Bantarjati Kota Bogor. Penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan bulan April sampai Juli 2012. Pada nyamuk Aedes spp. dilakukan deteksi virus Dengue dengan teknik reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) yang terdiri dari 2 tahap, yaitu tahap sintesis dan amplifikasi C DNA serta tahap karakterisasi serotipe virus dengue. Penangkapan nyamuk Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) dan Ae. albopictus (Skuse) dilakukan pada 200 rumah penduduk di daerah endemik DBD dengan metode umpan orang di dalam dan luar rumah. Kepadatan nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus tertinggi terjadi pada bulan April dengan puncak aktivitas mengisap darah pada jam 10:00-11:00. Virus dengue tidak terdeteksi pada nyamuk betina Aedes spp. yang ditangkap di Kelurahan Bantarjati Kota Bogor. Kata kunci: Aedes spp., demam berdarah dengue, virus dengue, polymerase chain reaction ABSTRACTDengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a viral disease that threatened community health in Indonesia. As part of an eradication program, it is important to learn the behavioral aspect of the disease vector. The aims of this study were to detect the presence of dengue virus in Aedes spp, at Bantarjati Village, Bogor City and to learn to bioecology of. Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus). Detection of dengue virus in Aedes spp. were done by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique that consist of two phase were synthesis phase and cDNA amplification and dengue virus serotipe characterization. The Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) mosquitoes were collected using the landing and resting moquito collection technique booth indoors and outdoors. The highest density of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were found in April and the peak activity was occurred at 10:00-11:00 am. Dengue virus was not detected in female mosquitoes Aedes spp.

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A major current problem in public health is the issue of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in humans and poultry. In Indonesia, multidrug-resistant E. coli are of specific concern since such E. coli may cause public health problems in humans. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant chicken E. coli strains and the E. coli resistance genes, which are tet(A) and tet(B) genes, were investigated in the present study. A total of 57 swabs were collected from layer and broiler breeder farms in West Java, Indonesia, and used in the experiment. Eighteen isolates were identified as E. coli by the disk diffusion method. The isolates classified as drug-resistant and intermediate were then identified using PCR for the antimicrobial resistance genes. The results showed that 18 isolates of E. coli from layerbreeder and broiler-breeder farms in West Java were resistant to ampicillin (100%), nalidixic acid (94%), tetracycline (88%), oxytetracycline (83%), gentamicin (27%), and chloramphenicol (22%). PCR identification of E. coli antimicrobial-resistant genes in 18 isolates showed tet(A) and tet(B) genes. This study reports antimicrobial resistance genes among E. coli on layer and broiler breeder farms in West Java. This present study showed that E. coli isolated from layers-breeder and broiler-breeder farms in West Java of Indonesia carried tet(A) and tet(B) genes, the multidrug-resistance genes.