This study revealed polyphenolic content, nutritive content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic profile of methanol and aqueous extracts of Punica granatum peel extract. For this, extracts were screened for possible antioxidant activities by free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The total phenolics and flavonoid recovered by methanolic (MPE) and the water extract (AQPE) were ranged from 185 ± 12.45 to 298.00 ± 24.86 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/gm and 23.05 ± 1.54 to 49.8 ± 2.14 quercetin (QE) mg/g, respectively. The EC50 of herbal extracts ranged from 100 µg/ml (0.38 quercetin equivalents), for AQPE, 168 µg/ml (0.80 quercetin equivalents), for MPE. The phenolic profile in the methanolic extracts was investigated by chromatographic (HPLC) method. About 5 different flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their derivatives including quercetin (1), rutin (2), gallic acid (3), ellagic acid (4), and punicalagin as a major ellagitannin (5) have been identified. Among both extracts, methanolic extract was the most effective. This report may be the first to show nutritive content and correlation analysis to suggest that phenols and flavonoids might contribute the high antioxidant activity of this fruit peel and establish it as a valuable natural antioxidant source applicable in the health food industry.

Over the past decade, pomegranate (Punica granatum) is entitled as a wonder fruit because of its voluminous pharmacological properties. In 1830, P. granatum fruit was first recognized in United States Pharmacopeia; the Philadelphia edition introduced the rind of the fruit, the New York edition the bark of the root and further 1890 edition the stem bark was introduced. There are significant efforts and progress made in establishing the pharmacological mechanisms of peel (pericarp or rind) and the individual constituents responsible for them. This review provides an insight on the phytochemical components that contribute too antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic effect, and numerous other effects of wonderful, economic, and eco-friendly pomegranate peel extract (PP).

Computer-Aided Drug Designing (CADD) has gained a wide popularity among biologists and chemists as a part of interdisciplinary drug discovery approach. It plays a vital role in the discovery, design and analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical industry. It is extensively used to reduce cost, time and speed up the early stage development of biologically new active molecules. In the current review we presented a brief review of CADD, merits and demerits, DNA, protein and enzyme as targets, types of CADD: Structure Based Drug Designing (SBDD), Ligand Based Drug Designing (LBDD), Pharmacophore based drug designing (PBDD) and Fragment Based Drug Designing (FBDD), theory behind the types of CADD and their applications. The review also focuses on the in-silico pharmokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity filters or predictions that play a major role in identifying the drug like molecules. Currently in pharmaceutical sciences computational tools and software are exhibiting imperative role in the different stages of drug discovery hence the review throws light on various commercial and freeware available for each step of CADD.

Hippophae commonly known as sea-buckthorn, is a versatile plant with multipurpose uses including the control of soil erosion, biological nitrogen fixation and medicinal properties. In India, two species of sea-buckthorn; namely, Hippophae salicifolia D. Don and Hippophae rhamnoides L., are very common. H. salicifolia has a shrub-to-tree habit and is restricted to the Himalayan region, whereas H. rhamnoides is bushy, growing at higher altitude in India, and widely distributed in Europe and Asia. In this study, aqueous, methanol and acetone extracts of various parts of female and male plants of H. salicifolia were evaluated for total antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents, and correlations were made. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in all the samples ranged from 99 ± 32 to 1459 ± 53 mg gallic acid equivalent g–1, 135 ± 12 to 707 ± 62 mg quercetin equivalent g–1 of dry extract, respectively. The highest free radical (DPPH) scavenging activity was found in methanol extracts of female bark and male leaf. Methanol extracts of male bark and male leaf showed maximum H2O2 activity at a concentration of 1 mg mL–1. Antioxidant activity (FRAP method) ranged from 0.021 to 1.041 at concentrations ranging from 20 to 200 µg mL–1 with a reducing capacity of extracts as water > methanol > acetone. Strong correlation (P < 0.05) was observed between DPPH scavenging activity and total phenolic content from all the extracts under study.

The nutgrass, L. (Family: Cyperaceae), is a colonial, perennial herb considered to have originated in India 2000 years ago and widely used in Ayurveda to treat several ailments. In addition to its prehistoric uses, it is used in several systems of medicine for treating variety of diseases. The synergistic actions of the ' compounds have added advantage over that of a single constituent. In the past decade, numerous studies proved analgesic, anti-allergic, anti-arthritic, anti-candida, anti-cariogenic, anti-convulsant, anti-diarrheal, anti-emetic, anti-helminthic, anti-histamine, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-obesity, antioxidant, anti-platelet, anti-pyretic, anti-ulcer, anti-viral, cardioprotective, cytoprotective, cytotoxic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, ovicidal, and larvicidal, wound healing and inhibition of brain Na K ATPase activities of and its chemical constituents. However, the exact the mechanism of action is not very clear and requires further evaluation. These properties strongly suggest an extensive use of for clinical applications. In this review, we attempted to provide information about the pharmacological effects of and its proposed mechanisms of actions.