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For more than 30 years, a discourse regarding the selection of judges has become a hot issue around the world for several reasons. It is mainly related to the primary function of the courts to resolve disputes that may affect the lives of individuals and society. Problems posed, first, how filling the positions of justices and judges in the Indonesian constitution of post-reform? Second, how is the ideal concept in filling the positions of justices and judges of the constitution? This research is doctrinal, using primary and secondary legal materials, in the form of some legislation, literature and research results which are relevant to the object of research. The approach used in this study is the approach of legislation and conceptual approaches. The study concluded, first, filling the positions of Chief Justice and Judges of the Constitutional shows that it is more politicking because of the participation of the People's Representative Council or Parliament. Secondly, the renewal and principle of self-restraint need to be done by each branch of power to minimize political bias.

AbstrakKeadaan bahaya atau kedaruratan senan asa dihadapi oleh se ap negara yang memaksa negara yang bersangkutan melakukan ndakan-ndakan, baik berupa penetapan keadaan bahaya (extraordinary measures) ataupun penetapan aturan (extraordinary rules) untuk memulihkan keadaan bahaya tersebut. Umumnya ndakan-ndakan untuk mengatasinya diatur dalam kons tusi atau undang-undang dasar negara yang bersangkutan agar ndakan dimaksud mempunyai dasar hukum yang kuat. Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 mengatur dua hal kedaruratan, yaitu dalam Pasal 12 yang memberikan wewenang kepada presiden menetapkan keadaan bahaya (extraordinary measures), serta Pasal 22 yang menjadi dasar kons tusional dikeluarkannya peraturan pemerintah penggan undang-undang oleh presiden (extraordinary rules). Dalam prak k, dak mudah mengualifikasi suatu keadaan sebagai gen ng memaksa. Ar kel ini menganalisis peraturan pemerintah penggan undangundang dalam perspek f ajaran kons tusi serta prinsip negara hukum. Untuk menghindarkan terjadinya kesewenang-wenangan, perpu perlu memiliki sejumlah limitasi, melipu makna, ruang lingkup atau materi muatan, proses pembentukan dan pembahasan, serta akibat hukum.Kata kunci: kedaruratan, kegen ngan memaksa, kons tusionalisme, peraturan pemerintah penggan undang-undang, prinsip negara hukum. Government Regula on in Lieu of

Abstract:Following the dramatic changes caused by the financial crisis in 1997, and the transition from authoritarian government to more democratic system which marked the era of reformasi, the issue of governance dominated the public discourse in Indonesia. Previously characterised by 'the state-centrism' which led to the practice of 'bad governance' and resulted in the dysfunction of governance system, the governance system has been transformed to be more accommodative to public participation. Indonesia's reformasi activists demand the principle of good governance should be the basis of any Indonesian law reform. In practice, the changes give impact to the three main aspects of governance system, including policy, state institutions, and the relation between the state and its people. In this paper, I argue that changing paradigm on governance is fundamental to the 'formal' improvement of governance system. However, its chances to be fully realised are slow and difficult due to several competing interests between, on the one hand domestic or internal political pressures and, on the other hand, external or international factors.