Keanekaragaman Serangga di Pertanaman Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior Jack) pada Zona Penyangga Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser. Kecombrang merupakan tanaman rempah - rempah asli Indonesia. Sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian keanekaragaman serangga pada tanaman kecombrang dan juga belum terdeteksinya status peran serangga pada tanaman kecombrang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai keanekaragaman serangga di pertanaman kecombrang pola tanam monokultur dan polikultur di zona penyangga Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode survei dengan 4 kali pengamatan di lapangan dan identifikasi serangga dilakukan sampai tingkat famili. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 jenis perangkap serangga (perangkap jaring, perangkap jatuh, perangkap kuning, perangkap lampu). Hasil identifikasi serangga yang tertangkap pada lahan kecombrang monokultur yaitu 917 ekor dengan 7 ordo dan 37 famili sedangkan pada lahan kecombrang polikultur terdapat 1595 ekor dengan 7 ordo dan 42 famili. Identifikasi nilai keanekaragaman pada lahan monokultur menunjukkan nilai 2,51, nilai kekayaan margalef 5,27 dan indeks kemerataan 0,69 sementara pada lahan polikultur nilai keanekaragaman sebesar 2,52, nilai kekayaan Margalef 5,55 dan indeks kemerataan 0,67. Indeks kemerataan pada lahan monokultur lebih tinggi atau berbanding terbalik dari indeks keanekaragaman dan indeks kekayaan pada kedua jenis lahan, hal tersebut menunjukkan kedua lahan termasuk ke dalam kategori kemerataan tinggi Analisis nilai kesamaan dua lahan menunjukkan angka 0,67 yang termasuk ke dalam kategori tinggi pada kesamaan spesies. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa ekosistem serangga di zona penyangga kawasan taman nasional gunung leuser masih alami.
Spodoptera litura merupakan hama polifag yang menyerang berbagai tanaman budidaya. Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus(SpltNPV) merupakan virus entomopatogen yang dapat menginfeksi dan menyebabkan kematian pada serangga.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas SpltNPV pada tingkat konsentrasi dan instar yang berbeda terhadap larva S. litura. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Perlindungan Tanaman Pangandan Hortikultura (BPTH) Sumatera Utara pada Januari sampai Februari 2016. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi SpltNPV (kontrol, 3000, 4000, 5000 ppm) dan faktor kedua adalah instar (Instar 2, 3, 4). Hasi lpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas tertinggi antara interaksi konsentrasi SpltNPV dan instar tertinggi konsentrasi 5000 ppm dan instar 2 yaitu 61,21%. Dan waktu mematikan 50% (LT50) terbaik terdapat pada konsentrasi 5000 ppm (4,91 hari). Spodoptera litura is a polyphagous pest that attacks various cultivated plants. Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) is an entomopathogenic virus that can infect and cause death in insects. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of SpltNPV at different levels of concentration (control, 3000, 4000, 5000 ppm) and instar for S. litura larvae (Instar 2, 3, 4). The study was carried by using a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The results showed that the highest mortality between the interaction of SpltNPV concentration and the highest instar of 5000 ppm and instar 2 was 61.21%. The best turn off time of 50% (LT50) is at a concentration of 5000 ppm (4.91 days).
The aim of this study was to compare the composition, the distribution and the index of diversity of insects on salak (Salacca zalacca Gaert.) from October 2019 until December 2019 at two different altitudes, including 1200 meter above sea level (masl) in Kutambaru Village, Tiganderket District, Karo Regency and at 350 masl in Rumah Lengo Village, STM Hulu District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research was conducted by survey method with collection samples for 6 times using pit fall traps, light traps, yellow traps, and hand picking. The insects were identified at the Laboratory of Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara. The results showed that the insects caught in the S.zalacca plantation area at 350 masl comprised of 10 orders, 20 families with a total population of 663 individuals, while the insects collected from the 1200 masl were 8 orders, 19 families and 367 individuals. The diversity index calculated are H’=2.03 in 350 masl and H’=2.35 in 1200 masl. The categorized into moderate diversity of insects which implication no quite differences scores of the composition and diversities of insects. The function status insects were categorized into pest, predator, parasitoid, pollinator, and decomposer.
The Shallot cultivation in Balige has been the last two years cultivated by farmers, some obstacles are found by farmers when farming shallot, such as pest and disease attacks. The frequency of pesticide applications have done intensively. This research was aimed to explore and compare the diversity of insects on the true seed of shallot cultivation with semi organic with conventional farming systems in the Balige plateau, Tobasa Regency. This research was conducted at Gurgur Experimental Garden, Balige and Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara. Medan in Agustus until Desember 2018. This research used three insect traps (Sweep Net, Yellow Sticky Trap, Hand Picking) and repeated for eight times. The results showed that the insects caught in each type of trap was different. The value of absolute density is 1397, and the value of absolute density in conventional cultivation is 1009. The value of insect diversity index of Shannon-Weiner (H') is 2,827 (moderate), the value of insect evennes index (E') is 0,716 (high) and the value of insect dominance (C) is 0,084, whereas on shallot plantations with conventional farm the value of insect diversity index of Shannon-Weiner (H') is 2,637 (moderate) and the value insect evennes index (E') is 0,711 (high) and the value of insect dominance (C) is 0,105.
Busuk pangkal batang (Ganoderma sp.) pada tanaman kelapa sawit merupakan penyakit utama yang dihadapi oleh perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Di lapangan banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dari penyakit busuk pangkal batang dan penyakit ini menunjukkan serangan yang berbeda di setiap daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat daya virulensi dari dua isolat Ganoderma sp. yang berasal dari daerah berbeda tanpa adanya faktor-faktor lain pada kelapa sawit kultur jaringan secara invitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Maret - Juli 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 3 perlakuan penginokulasian yaitu isolat Ganoderma sp.I, isolat Ganoderma sp.II, dan Kontrol. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan daya virulensi dari kedua isolat Ganoderma, dimana kejadian penyakit dan keparah penyakit tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan Ganoderma isolat II. The stem rot (Ganoderma sp.) is the main disease faced by oil palm plantations in Indonesia. There are many factors that can affect the growth and development of stem rot in the different region. This study aims to study the virulence of two isolates of Ganoderma sp. originating from different regions in the absence of other factors in oil palm tissue culture in vitro. This study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design with 3 inoculation treatments, such as isolates I and II of Ganoderma sp., and Control. The results showed that there were differences in virulence power of the two Ganoderma sp. isolates, where the highest incidence of disease and severity of disease occurred in the treatment of isolates II of Ganoderma sp.
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