Оценка производительности труда на предприятиях в России и Италии Аннотация. Статья посвящена сопоставлению показателей производительности труда на примере российского и итальянского предприятий, схожих по производимой продукции. Методологическая база исследования представлена положениями теории научной организации труда в части факторов, влияющих на повышение эффективности использования персонала. В работе сделана попытка объединить российский подход к измерению производительности труда через показатели выработки и трудоемкости и зарубежные подходы, акцентирующие эффективность использования всех ресурсов организации. Основным методом исследования является сопоставительный анализ условий труда и показателей производительности труда. Изучаемые объекты выбраны с учетом их соответствия по показателям, производимой продукции, конъюнктуре рынков, на которых она представлена. Установлено, что производительность труда ниже на российском предприятии, определены резервы улучшения данного показателя. Причинами отставания российского предприятия по производительности труда авторы считают низкий уровень технологических, управленческих компетенций, автоматизации производства, недостаточное использование возможностей аутсорсинга непрофильных направлений деятельности, специфику природно-климатических условий. По результатам проведенного исследования сформулированы рекомендации для российского предприятия, которые при условии универсализации подходов к оценке производительности труда, в перспективе позволят более эффективно использовать резервы ее повышения. Ключевые слова: производительность труда; методы оценки производительности труда; научная организация труда; сопоставительный анализ.

The article deals with the results of monitoring of the presence of professional expert communities in the Russian Federation, which have a particular impact on addressing socio-economic issues, including promoting the development of the national qualifications system in the country. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a criterial disclosure of the activities of expert communities based on the structure of the National Qualifications System. The study was carried out in 2020 and is a continuation of the previous works by the authors, implemented in 2016-2019, whose purpose was to monitor communities in a separate area of professional activity – personnel management. This study involved 56 communities, which were selected based on the participation of their representatives in one of ten Councils for Professional Competence (25% of all Councils currently operating in the Russian Federation). The results may be of interest to representatives of the institutions of the National Competence System, as well as the education system in the context of the influence of trade communities on the content of educational programs through professional standards created by community representatives, and to the professional expert communities themselves.

Humanitarian workers operate in complex environments with various challenges and demanding working conditions. These challenges put aid workers in a range of risks and under the pressure. However, human resources are crucial for success of humanitarian operations in general. At the same time, each humanitarian operation is reliant on logistics and logistics activities are always connected with logistic staff. Understanding what motivates logisticians to join the humanitarian sector is essential information for humanitarian organizations and for recruiters within. Also, knowing which factors influence motivation and job satisfaction of humanitarian logisticians could help the organizations to struggle with the extremely turnover they have to face. Up to this moment, needed skills and the performance of humanitarian logisticians were examined. Also, the motivators of humanitarian workers are covered in previous research. Therefore, the additional aim of this research is to extend the knowledge about the human resources in humanitarian sector as well.

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The article proposes the authors’ approach to assessing professional expert communities (PECs), based on the creation of a criteria scale and indicators of community activities. Using the comparative case study method, an analysis of the successful experience of 18 professional communities selected from an array of communities actively represented in cooperation with the institutes of the National Qualifications System is carried out. The content of the research is based on the use of the following research methods: content analysis, interviews with representatives of professional expert communities, case studies. It was found that the most successful communities, leading in the rating according to the results of the assessment, are the most consistent with indicators related to social criteria, and the least - to the material and technical, or economic. In addition, these PECs have a particular impact on socio-economic sustainable development from the viewpoint of the internal and external environment.