Smart Application is one that can be used to learn swimming for students in sports education. This study aims to reveal and explain the usability of smart swimming applications to explore factors influencing students' swimming learning outcomes in sports education. Data of this study were 300 sports education students that took swimming courses. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple regression analysis with the help of the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Overall, the factors of learning motivation, physical activity, nutritional status, and V02Max have an F-table value of 105.605 > 2.25, while R2 is valued at 58.9%. The results of the t-test revealed that all those factors affecting swimming learning outcomes, with the t-count value are more significant than the t-table at a significance level less than 0.05, which is 0.000. Furthermore, all factors are interrelated and needed to each other to produce good quality student swimming learning outcomes. Therefore, adequate attention and good management are necessary for lecturers in teaching swimming materials to improve students learning quality in sports education.

The situation of lack of oxygen supply to cells and tissues is often not realized by many people (hypoxia). Hypoxia can occur in various situations in life. One of them is swimming sports. The main effect of hypoxia is the effect on the brain, so the body will do everything it can to restore the state of homeostasis. HIF-1α protein is a marker of hypoxic conditions that regulate the synthesis of many genes to maintain and restore body homeostasis from hypoxia to normoxia. This study was a descriptive study with a crosssectional design. The sample of this study were six swimming athletes with a 12-19 year age range who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The HIF-1α protein is measured by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed statistically. The results showed higher levels of HIF-1α after anaerobic exercise than the levels of HIF-1α before and after aerobic exercise. It is greatly influenced by the intensity of the exercise carried out. It proves that cellular adaptation to hypoxia is more stable in aerobic exercise, where the body's metabolism is more stable during aerobic exercise.

Gene expression is the process of reading from DNA into a functional product. Regulation of gene expression through complex mechanisms. HIF1-1α is one of the regulatory genes that regulates the return of homeostasis when there is a lack of oxygen (hypoxia). Hypoxia is often experienced by athletes during training, especially during swimming training. Detection of gene expression can use qualitative and quantitative Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Each has advantages and disadvantages. Research on the expression of the HIF-1α gene in both humans and mice has been widely reported. However, the primary annealing temperature used varies, even with the same primer sequence. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the primer annealing temperature before measuring gene expression. Annealing temperature optimization using the in-silico program showed annealing temperature at 52°C for the HIF-1alpa and 18s rRNA genes. Because the previous research used annealing temperature of 59ºC, the range of optimization temperature gradient was at 52ºC -59ºC. Agarose gel electrophoresis results showed the HIF-1α gene product at 157bp and 18S rRNA gene 155bp. Optimum annealing temperature can be seen from the band thickness in the path of 53.6°C and 18S rRNA gene 55.8°C. Ct values for the HIF-1alpha gene are on average Ct to 25 and 18S rRNA genes at 10 ct. Based on good primer criteria, optimization of annealing temperature in silico, annealing temperature from the primer reference used, and the results of optimization of both genes in this study, the optimum annealing temperature recommended for further testing of the qPCR of all samples in this study series was 55.8 ° C.

Objective: This study aims to examine whether swim training is effective in reducing asthma symptoms and can increase the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and Vital Capacity (VC) in children who experience asthma symptoms. Sports training have been proven in improving lung function and asthma control in children, but better forms of training for asthmatics have not been determined up to recently. Swimming movements involve almost all the muscles of the body, increasing the ability of the respiratory muscles, so that it is effective reducing asthma symptoms. Methods: This qualitative and quantitative study with Research and Development approach was employed through several phases; (1) constructing information of asthma symptoms experienced by students, (2) developing of swim training programs, (3) limited trials and (4) swim training for children who experience asthma symptoms. This study involved 28 elementary school students aged 8-12 years in Padang taken by purposive sampling technique. Instruments used to collect data of asthma symptoms were experts (doctors)diagnosis, questionnaires, and interviews. Instrument used to collect data of PEF rate was a peak flow meter, and instrument used to collect data of VC was rotary spirometer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and t-test with 95% confidence interval. Results: Swimming activities(1) are effective in reducing asthma symptoms, (2) significantly increase PEF rate (p = 0.00 <0.05) and, (3) significantly increase VC (p = 0.00 <0.05) in children who experience asthma complaints. Conclusions: This study shows that through swimming activities can reduce asthma symptoms for children aged 8-12 years in Padang.

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of interval training on increasing aerobic endurance of SSB Muda's Top Footballer of Payakumbuh. The type of this research is quasi-experimental with one group design pre-test and post-test. This study involved 15 players who are given interval training as many as 16 times for training. The technique of collecting data is using by the bleep test instrument. The data analysis uses the t-test formula, which a result is used to test of hypothesis. From the data analysis obtained, tcount (8.19) is more significant than ttable (1.76), so the hypothesis was accepted. Thus, it can be said that training with an interval training method can improve the aerobic endurance of SSB Muda's Top footballer of Payakumbuh city.