Objective: To compare the periodontal health status among orthodontic and non-orthodontic groups aged between 14-30 years of both genders. Study design And Setting: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Orthodontics and Periodontics from January 2019-till June 2019 at dental Hospital of Bahria Dental College Karachi. Methodology: Those patients aged 14-30 under orthodontics treatment for about 3 months and were able to give consent were included in the study. Periodontal status among both groups (65 orthodontics and 65 non orthodontic) patients was evaluated with the help of CPITN probe on index teeth. To assess the oral hygiene status; the questionnaire was formulated regarding the use and frequency of toothbrush; use of interdental cleaners such as interdental brush, use of mouthwash, use of tongue cleaners and dental appointments. A single observer from periodontics department was appointed for observation and record data of patients coming to orthodontic department and to carry out a clinical examination. The data was scrutinized using SPSS 23, and using the chi-square test various other comparisons were performed. Results: Statistically significant association was observed in CPITN scores between the orthodontic and non-orthodontic patients (p < 0.05). Patients who underwent orthodontic treatment had increased plaque accumulation and probing depth which resulted in periodontal tissue destruction. Conclusion: It was concluded that the periodontal condition of ortho patients was deteriorating as compare to non ortho patient. There was no noticeable attachment loss found that could lead to mobility of the tooth and its loss

Background: The mandibular symphysis is the bodily carnal part of the mandible that consist of alveolar and cortical bones. The mandibular symphysis has different parts like chin, or mentum that consist of unique features of modern humans. Objective: The study aimed to explore the correlation of lower incisor inclination growth pattern with the symphyseal morphology. Study design: It is a retrospective study conducted at Orthodontic Department, Shahida Islam Dental College, Lodhran and Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi for the duration of six months from February 2022 to July 2022. Material and Methods: The correlation between all parameters was studied by ANOVA and other statistical analysis were also performed. The study approval was taken from the review board and ethical committee of the hospital. A total of 18 patients participated in this study. The patients were classified according to the facial category i.e. long, normal, and short. Class I comprises 8 patients and class III comprises 10 patients. Results: An increased value was observed in the case of class I with vertical growth patterns while the value decreased in the case of class III. Three different types of incisor inclinations were observed that is over jet positive, over jet negative, and edge to edge. Conclusion: From this study, it is predicted that a correlation exists between vertical growth patterns and sagittal growth patterns for the inclination in incisors. The height and width of the symphysis and facial patterns are also related to vertical growth patterns and indirectly affect the inclination of incisors. High angle facials have thin and long symphysis, while low angle facials have thick and short symphysis. Keywords: short symphysis, soft tissue and growth dimension.

Objective: To determine the awareness and practices about disinfection of alginate impression among dental practitioners of Karachi city. Study Design and Setting: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a private sector teaching hospital and private clinics, both located in Hamdard University Dental Hospital, Karachi from the period of April, 2017 to April, 2019. Methodology: A Questionnaire was designed by subject specialist in light of Australian Dental Association guidelines for cross infection prevention and disinfection for dental offices and laboratory. The questionnaire comprised of demographic details including age, gender, years of clinical experience; awareness of disinfection protocols such as self-protection precautionary measures while pouring the alginate impressions; practices of disinfection in the Laboratory; Practice of personal protection and details regarding the attendance of CDE (Continuing Dental Educations) seminars. The data was analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 20. Results: Among total subjects of 186, 78(41.9%) male and 108 (58.06%) female participants were included in this study. In present study the awareness of disinfection of alginate was observed in 171(91.8%) subjects while 15(8.2%) were not up to the mark. Regarding precautionary measures n=142 (83.0%) participants used gloves,. Considering the preferred method and duration of disinfection 56.4% used running tap water for gross cleaning of impression for 5 minutes while 43.6% marked spraying with 2% sodium hypochlorite as preferred disinfection method. Conclusion: majority of the participants of this study were aware regarding the ADA guidelines of disinfecting the alginate impressions while there was a dearth of practice observed for disinfecting the alginate impressions and were not used the prescribed disinfectant to disinfect the dental impressions

Background: The aim of this study to evaluate the dentulous and edentulous maxillae in the microstructure of the incisive canals and their surrounding bone in order to show the structural qualities. Study Design: The study was cross sectional being conducted at the Dental Department of DOW International Dental College, Karachi for six month from July 2022 to December 2022. Methodology: A total number of patients was N=240. The right and left sides of each patient were classified as either edentulous or dentulous. After receiving written consent, the patients who were monitored on both were checked to see if sinew string was present or not. The data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: There were 240 patients in all, 130 of whom were men and 110 of them were women. Males (54.1%) and females (46%) made up the edentulous and dentulous group. The patients with the greatest ages were 21- 51 years old. The patients' average age was 38 ± 15 years. The sinew string frequency was similar with respect gender. There was significant difference between edentulous and dentulous; p<0.005** on both sides observed by using simply seen, pushing on the oblique line and pulling the cheek sideways. Conclusion: Sinew string was attempted to maintain and control buccal mucosa movement and block the mouths posterior vestibule. The occurrence of sinew strings was greater than usual. Keywords: Sinew strings, Dentulous, Edentulous, mandibular.

Objective: Oral pathological findings are often associated with diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of oral findings among diabetic patients of both genders. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from February 2017 to November 2017 at Bahria University Dental Hospital & Mamji Hospital, Karachi. A total of 363 diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus were selected for the study. A questionnaire was designed and oral clinical examination was performed. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Results: A total number of 363 diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Among these 187 (51.52%) were male and 176 (48.48%) were female. The overall oral mucosal findings were predominantly present in male diabetic patients as compared to females. Conclusion: The result of this study showed a high prevalence of oral pathological findings in diabetic patients