Sonographic findings have a high accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant cervical lymph nodes. An ultrasound scan can be used as the first-line imaging tool in the diagnostic evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy, especially in developing countries like India due to its ease, noninvasiveness, reproducibility, and cost effectiveness. It can also be used as an imaging tool for the guided aspirations. However, because of some overlapping in sonographic appearances of benign and malignant nodes, this modality may not have definite diagnostic values. But when combined with FNA, it has a very high sensitivity and specificity.

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Objectives: To compare the transrectal (TR) spectral Doppler findings between benign prostatic hyperplasia group and prostate cancer group. Methods: All the patients were assessed for adequate preparation, and informed consent was obtained prior to the procedure. The control group (n 5 33) comprised patients who were negative for malignancy on biopsy. The study group (n 5 22) were positive for malignancy and were also divided into three groups on the basis of the Gleason score. Study parameters included mean values for resistive index (RI), pulsatality index (PI), systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) and peak systolic velocity (PSV). These were separately measured for bilateral capsular and urethral branches and compared between groups. In patients with unilateral tumour, these were compared between the tumour and non-tumour sides. Finally, the parameters were compared with patient's age. MannWhitney U test was used to evaluate the statistical significance. Results:The mean values of RI, PI, S/D and PSV were found to be 0.84/1.03, 1.8/1.99, 3.93/4.45 and 15.52/ 16.15 cm s 21, respectively, in the control and study groups which were not statistically significant. In patients with unilateral malignancy (n 5 16), there was no significant difference from the non-tumour side. Doppler parameters showed statistically significant relationships with age. The mean of minimum RI was found to be 0.60 in patients less than 60 years of age and 0.76 in patients more than or equal to 60 years of age in the benign category (p-value 5 0.014). The PI and S/D also showed significant difference in the benign category. Conclusion: TR spectral Doppler parameters did not reveal any significant difference in patients with or without prostatic malignancy, irrespective of the Gleason grade. Doppler parameters, however, showed significant correlation with age and were lower in younger patients. Advances in knowledge: TR spectral Doppler is unlikely to emerge as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for prostate carcinoma.