New economy, Entrepreneurs, Sex, Montreal metropolitan area, Female entrepreneurs,

PurposeTo identify the influence of ethnicity and ethnic social capital on entrepreneurial practices such as the co‐direction of a firm, and more particularly on aspects of venture creation, management, and business development.Design/methodology/approachThe research was based on a field survey carried out in the cities of Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver. The authors study the entrepreneurs who had partners in their firms. The sampling technique, known as “snowball sampling,” did not concentrate specifically on firms with co‐leadership structures, but targeted all entrepreneurs in the ethnic groups concerned; the interviewers asked respondents to identify other potential candidates in the same ethnic group. The participation rate was not measured systematically.FindingsCo‐leadership, while fairly common and having a clear impact among Italian entrepreneurs, is not necessarily as popular in the other groups. Cultural features may have an influence here, and the structuring effects of the entrepreneur's social capital are certainly a factor. The findings helped build an emergent conceptual model to show the place of co‐leadership in the creation and development of social capital used in the management of ethnic firms.Research limitations/implicationsPublic policy makers must take into account that trust and reciprocity will have an impact on the style of partnership selected. Other qualitative and quantitative data are needed to help understand the various factors and impacts of co‐leadership. Also, examination of the individual and joint inputs and outputs of the partners is an important and timely area of study.Practical implicationsThis may have implications in designing public programs to help ethnic entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to examine co‐leadership in the context of ethnic entrepreneurship. With the importance of immigration, this is crucial to understand how to help the success of ethnic businesses and therefore the integration of immigrants in our societies.

A number of authors have documented increased diversification and gentrification in a variety of central city neighborhoods. In Montreal, Hochelaga-Maisonneuve is among those with the highest rates of gentrification in the past few decades, creating new social dynamics and often generating socio-territorial conflicts. What is the significance of social changes for the population of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve? What role does recent immigration play in the mitigation or development of social conflict? In this paper we present the results of the analysis of 1 420 articles taken from the six principal daily newspapers published in Montreal. In our target neighborhood, it would appear that the higher socio-economic status of the newcomers is more disruptive than their ethnocultural background because it is associated with a change in the way people live, shop and interact in public space. The data also reveal disruptive effects on the availability of affordable housing, a feature that means increasing displacement of lower income populations.

No abstract

L'émergence d'enclaves ethniques dans les villes d'accueil de l'immigration n'est pas un phénomène nouveau dans la géographie des grandes villes nord-américaines. Les nouveaux arrivants participent souvent à l'économie locale par la création de petites entreprises qui visent à combler les besoins de leurs compatriotes. Ils participent aussi à la transformation, voire même à la transition des quartiers centraux de ces grandes villes. L'exemple des Polonais de la rue Roncesvalles à Toronto et celui des Juifs de la Côte-des-Neiges à Montréal représente bien ce phénomène. Mais l'importance de l'économie ethnique dans certains quartiers demeure encore peu explorée. Cet article étudie le lien entre espace géographique, entrepreneuriat immigrant et fonctions de l'entreprise dans deux contextes urbains : les quartiers de la Côte-des-Neiges à Montréal et de Parkdale à Toronto. Nous y examinons la notion de marché ouvert et de marché fermé à partir des données recueillies à partir d'entrevues dirigées avec des entrepreneurs des secteurs de Victoria-van Horne et de Roncesvalles.That immigration leads to the emergence of ethnic neighborhoods in North American cities is not a new phenomenon in urban geography. New arrivals often participate in the development of local economies by creating small businesses to serve the needs of their compatriots. They also participate in the transformation of centrally located neighborhoods in large cities. The emergence of the Polish neighborhood on Roncesvalles Street in Toronto and the Jewish neighborhood of Côte-des Neiges in Montreal exemplify this pattern. However, the importance of ethnic economies in such neighborhoods has gone largely unexplored. This paper examines the relationship between geographic location, immigrant entrepreneurs and the role of small ethnic businesses in two Canadian urban areas: Côte-des-Neiges in Montréal and Parkdale in Toronto. Data from interviews with local businesspeople in these two areas are used to examine the pertinence of the concepts of ethnic/open and ethnic/closed markets.