Allergic diseases, which have a certain stage in their development from food allergy to bronchial asthma / allergic rhinitis, are much more common in children than in adults. The aim of this study was to analyze data on the prevalence and incidence of atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis as components of the allergic march, in children of Ukraine from 1994 to 2017 to determine the possible impact of adverse environmental factors on their development. During the same period, due to the influence of a number of factors, in particular environmental, there were significant changes in the structure of allergic diseases making up the stages of the allergic march due to an increase in the proportion of allergic rhinitis with the reduced one of asthma and atopic dermatitis. Within 24 years, the incidence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 0-6 years including, increased by 27.6%, in adolescents - by 40.5% and significantly decreased by 39.5% in children aged 7-14 years including. Most cases of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma were observed in schoolchildren (47.6 and 54.0%, respectively) with a slight decrease compared to 1994. In general, allergic diseases in recent years have become more common in children from 0 to 6 years and their detection has decreased in school-age children and adolescents. Over the past 24 years, in children of Ukraine a steady increase in the incidence and prevalence of allergic diseases that form an allergic march has been noted: the prevalence of bronchial asthma has increased by 69.3% and the incidence has increased by 22.9%; the prevalence of atopic dermatitis increased by 43.9% and the incidence increased by 8.3%; the prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased by 488.3% and the incidence of allergic rhinitis increased by 380.3%, with a predominance of detection of this pathology in children from regions with developed infrastructure and industry, where there are significant emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, that have a direct moderate effect on the increase in the prevalence of bronchial asthma, the incidence and prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children.

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The aim: Of the work was to study 25-year trends in the incidence of congenital anomalies in the child population of Ukraine in order to determine the impact of ecotoxic environmental factors on their development, in particular radiation. Materials and methods: Methods of statistical assessment, epidemiological analysis of materials at the Center for Medical Statistics of the MOH of Ukraine were used. Results: The rate of congenital anomalies growth for the recent 25 years has exceeded the growth rate of the total incidence in the child population of Ukraine by 1.6 times, occupying the leading place in Europe by the level of environment pollution. Over the last 25 years, the growth of the Ukrainian children’s congenital anomalies incidence level by 59.5% is observed, mostly in children from large industrial regions of Ukraine, due to the significant ecotoxic effect of pollutants on the child’s body. Children living permanently in the areas contaminated by the Chernobyl accident had significantly higher rates of congenital anomalies in 1986 than in the early 1990s, but over the recent 25 years the incidence in this contingent has decreased. Conclusions: The results of such long-term studies performed by a group of leading Ukrainian scientists from different regions of Ukraine indicate that in children experiencing negative effects of ecotoxic factors, including radiation, an increase in the detection and prevalence of congenital defects is observed, which requires complex international and intersectoral measures to prevent and reduce child mortality.

Для створення раціональної та доступної системи дистанційної освіти лікарів-стоматологів необхідно обрати одну із поширених і безкоштовних для слухачів та викладачів освітніх платформ, наприклад Google Classroom, що повинна забезпечувати освітній процес необхідної якості та доступності під час вимушеної перерви очного навчання. Основними видами занять на кафедрах в Інституті стоматології Національної медичної академії післядипломної освіти імені П. Л. Шупика за дистанційною формою підготовки лікарів-стоматологів можуть бути: лекції, практичні заняття, майстер-класи, опрацювання практичних навичок у фантомних класах, ділові ігри та інші, що відповідають чинному освітньому законодавству. Враховуючи складні реалії нашого часу та тривалість карантинних заходів, система дистанційного навчання у післядипломній стоматологічній освіті має у подальшому стати невідʼємною частиною освітнього процесу в закладах післядипломної освіти та безперервного професійного розвитку лікарів-стоматологів через динамічне запровадження доступних слухачам освітніх платформ із якомога широким використанням наявних WEB-ресурсів.

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