The use of genetic markers in addition to traditional methods of animal selection with desirable genotypes allows to increase the share of animals with high productivity in the next generations and ensures improvement of breeding efficiency. Genetic features of the Prikatun type of the Gorno-Altay semi-fine wool breed of sheep and the white downy goat breed in the Republic of Altay were studied by the method of immunogenetic and molecular genetic analysis. The frequency of antigenic factors was identified and the index of genetic similarity between goats and sheep and their separate herds was calculated. Gene polymorphism of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and calpastatin (CAST) was revealed by the method of DNA diagnosis. Population and genetic characteristics of the herds was studied by the genes specified. Associative genotype relation to productivity and quality of the produce obtained was analyzed. The index of genetic similarity between the goats and the sheep was at the level of 0.713, between the separate herds of the goats the index was 0.861. The ratio of genotypes in the BLG gene determined by PCR analysis in the white downy goats was S1S1– 16.1%; S1S2– 50.6%; S2S2– 33.3%. In the Prikatun type two genotypes were identified in this gene: BB with the frequency of 59.2%, and AB – 40.8%. Two different alleles were identified in the CAST gene of sheep (M and N). The genotype MM was the predominant variant in the CAST sheep gene, whose frequency was 88%. The frequency of occurrence of animals with NN genotype was 1%, MN – 11%. It was shown that the gene equilibrium in the herds was not broken, χ2= 0.931. It was noted that heterozygous goats (S1S2) by BLG gene had a higher live weight by 0.30-0.61 kg compared to other variants of BLG gene (p<0.05). It was also found that lambs with genotype MM of the CAST gene had a higher live weight by 5.5 kg than MN heterozygotes (p< 0.01). However, this difference was not revealed in other age and sex groups of animals.

Г.М. Гончаренко, доктор биологических наук 2 Т.Б. Каргачакова, старший научный сотрудник 1 Н.Б. Гришина, кандидат биологических наук 1 Т.С. Хорошилова, научный сотрудник 1 О.Л. Халина, младший научный сотрудник 1 Сибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий РАН, Новосибирск, Россия 2 Горно-алтайский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства-филиал ФГБНУ Федеральный Алтайский научный центр агробиотехнологий, п. Майма, Россия

The genotypic characteristics of the Sapphire genotype (SG) pigs and their hybridization with the вoars Landras (L) and Duroc (D) of 2-breed (SGхL) and 3-breed [(SGxL) xD] hybrids by genes: FABR-H, FABR-D, Ms4r, LEP, ECR, RYR-1 was investigated. In SG animals, the frequency of the ECRGG genotype, which is increased in comparison with 2- and 3- breed hybrids, is 0.41-0.54. Two-breed hybrids are characterized by a higher frequency of the genotype FABP HH (by 0.22-0.27) and FABP dd (by 0.27-0.39) than SG and three-breed. The peculiarity of the 3-breed hybrids (SGxL) xD is the higher frequency of the homozygous genotype Ms4r AA (by 0.24-0.34), and the lower frequency of the heterozygous Mc4r AG (by 0.19-0.43) compared with pure SG and 2-breed hybrids. The polymorphism of the LEP and RYR-1 genes in the compared groups of pigs is mainly represented by the desired genotypes LEPTT (71-75 %) and RYR-1NN (71-86 %). The indices of genetic similarity between the SG and hybrids were determined. The most significant differences were found between 2-breed and 3-breed hybrids (0.7634 ± 0.0613), which can be explained by the presence of blood of the breed D. General homozygosity (GH ) in pigs SG was 24.89 %, in 3-breed hybrids - 14.6 %. The genotypic structure of stress-resistant and stress-sensitive animals and associative connection of genotypes with energy of growth are revealed. Piglets with genotype FABPHH, resistant to stress, during the growing period surpassed their peers with the FABPHh and FABPhh genotypes by an average daily gain of 81-139 g, sensitive to stress by 134 g. Animals with the FABPDD genotype, stress-resistant, had the highest energy of growth (593 g), which was higher than in peers with the homozygous genotype FABP Ddd by 91 g and heterozygous FABP DDd by 157 g. Among the piglets sensitive to stress, individuals with the LEPTT genotype had a higher growth energy of 87 g compared to heterozygous LEPTC. Stress-resistant pigs with the RYRNn genotype outperformed homozygous peers of RYRNN in this indicator by 95 g. Among the carriers of the Mc4r and ECR genotypes, no differences in growth energy of the pigs were detected.

The research was conducted in the fi eld of dairy cattle breeding with the use of genetic markers (SNPs) in order to study their relationship with the period of economic use of cows and their productivity. The object of the study was 186 cows of Simmental breed from the farm situated in Novosibirsk region. To study cows’ productivity (milk yield, fat, protein, the number of lactations) the data of zootechnical records was used. Molecular genetic research and statistical processing of experimental results were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The paper presents the results of the herd assessment by polymorphism of CSN3, PRL, BLG, TNF-α-824 genes, whose genotype frequency corresponds to a particular breed. Gene balance is not disturbed (χ2 = 0.147– 2,306). Homo and heterozygosity are approximately in the same ratio, except for the homozygosity of the gene PRL (0,736). Genotypes of cows desirable for productive longevity were identifi ed: BLGBB, PRLAA, PRLAB, TNF-αGG, whose number in the third lactation was over 70% in relation to the fi rst. The highest productive longevity was observed in animals with genotypes BLGBB and PRLAA, where 9.0% and 8.3% of their number, respectively, had a fourth lactation. Genotype BLGAA can be referred to as a desirable genotype for milk productivity. The difference from carriers of genotype BLGBB was 624 kg (p < 0.01). In the gene TNF-α, a higher yield in the second lactation at 787.3 kg was observed in cows with genotype TNFAA, compared to genotype TNF-αGG (p < 0.01). The same animals were found to have an increased content of fat in milk by 0.07% and protein by 0.05% (p < 0.01).