This paper discusses the principles of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and its application to magnetic recording studies. We use the ac detection method which senses the force gradient acting on a small magnetic tip due to fields emanating from the domain structure in the sample. Tip fabrication procedures are described for two types of magnetic tips: etched tungsten wires with a sputter-deposited magnetic coating and etched nickel wires. The etched nickel wires are shown to have an apex radius on the order of 30 nm and a taper half-angle of approximately 3°. Lorentz-mode transmission electron microscopy of the nickel tips reveals that the final 20 μm is essentially single domain with magnetization approximately parallel with the tip axis. Images of written bit transitions are presented for several types of magnetic media, including CoPtCr, CoSm, and CoCr thin films, as well as γ-Fe2O3 particulate media. In general, the written magnetization patterns are seen with high contrast and with resolution better than 100 nm. A number of magnetic recording applications are discussed, including the investigation of overwrite behavior and the writing characteristics in CoSm media at high data density. Computer calculations were performed to simulate the MFM response to written magnetic transitions. By including the extended geometry of the tip, the nonparallel orientation of the cantilever, and the finite width of the magnetic transitions, good agreement with experiment was obtained. The model calculations correctly predict the experimentally observed change in image contrast that occurs as a function of tip orientation. Computer calculations showing the dependence of resolution on tip geometry are also presented.

The nature of media recording noise in metallic, quasiparticulate thin films is principally related to the grain size, crystallographic orientation, and intergranular exchange and magnetostatic coupling in the films. In this study the results of a magnetic evaluation of magnetostatic interactions in CoNiCr thin films of varying Cr underlayer thickness are reported. The evaluation is undertaken through the measurement and comparison of remanence curves. The results presented here indicate enhanced cooperative switching as Cr underlayer thickness is reduced from 2000 to 100 Å, with a strong correlation between signal-to-noise measurements. In addition, the transition from principally exchange-coupled to quasiparticulate thin films, as Cr underlayer thickness increases, has been established.<lz> <lz> <lz> <lz> <lz> <lz>

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