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The results of studies on assessing the influence of various types of fertilizers and growth regulators on the yield and quality indicators of grain varieties of winter barley on ordinary chernozem in the south of Russia are presented. According to the results of the experiments, it was found out that in the ecological test of varieties of winter barley, the yield of the standard variety Erema averaged 6.90 t / ha in the experiment. Among the studied varieties, only the Krasnodar variety Toma significantly and reliably exceeded the standard in terms of yield, having formed 7.62 t / ha. Assessment of the influence of organomineral, complex and micronutrient fertilizers, as well as a growth regulator on the yield and grain quality of winter barley varieties KA-12 showed that the yield on the control plots was practically the same and amounted to 7.12 and 7.10 t / ha, respectively. Treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with the studied preparations provided an increase in yield in comparison with controls. The greatest increase in yield was shown by the treatment of seeds and plants with micronutrient fertilizer Rexolin ABC - 1.38 and 1.58 t / ha, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the Erema variety. The treatments also contributed to the improvement of the quality indicators of winter barley grain.

The article presents the results of analysis of the biochemical composition, output of gross energy, biomass and grain of 21 chumiz varieties. In the course of experiments, it was found that the range of variation in the protein content in the biomass is from 5.63to 12.91%. More than 11 % of protein is contained in the dry biomass of the following varieties: k-59, k-73, k-1074, k-2029, k-2542, k-3155, Stachumi-3. The fat content in the biomass varies in the range of 1,01…3,48 %. The highest fat content (>2,5 %) was found in cultivars: k-59, k-2029, k-2542, k-3683, Stachumi-3,UVES.Variability of other indicators of biomass quality in chumiz cultivars was found in the following limits: fiber – 30.77...39.06 %; ash – 5.20...13.94 %; BEV – 35.54...54.07 %. The variation of grain quality indicators is set within the following limits: protein – 11.02...15.36 %; fat – 3.26...6.46 %; fiber – 4.77...9.50 %; ash- 1.85...3.26 %; BEV – 68.83...74.30 %. More than 14 % of the protein in the grain was found in cultivars: k-73, k-941, k-982, k-2029, k-2566, k-2774. A relatively high fat content (>5,0 %) was found in the grain of varietals: k-2542, k-2598, k-2608, k-3155, k-3683, Stachumi-1, UVES. The yield of raw biomass varied in the range of 12.57...26.83 t/ha, and grain 1.00...4.10 t/ha. The output of gross energy per 1 t of biomass in the phase of milk ripeness varies in the range of 3.98…4.31 GJ, and grain 16.37…17.53 GJ. The yield of protein per 1 GJ of gross biomass energy varies in the range of 4.29…7.69 kg, and grain – 6.4…8.05 kg. The highest protein yield per 1 GJ of gross biomass energy was found in cultivars (k-59, k-73, k-1074, k-2029, k-2542, Stachumi-3).

Methods for early diagnosis of drought tolerance in leguminous crops, based on the screening of physiological indices of resistance to stress, are of great importance for the acceler-ated selection of drought tolerant soybean lines. On the basis of the Volga NIISS, laboratory exper-iments were carried out to assess the physiological and biochemical parameters of drought re-sistance of seedlings of promising soybean samples under conditions of osmotic stress. As a result of studying the indicators of seed germination in a sucrose solution and morphophysiological   assessment of seedlings of soybean varieties, samples with a high starting growth rate were identified - 156/2014, D-150 and variety Yuzhanka. A strong direct relationship was established between the indices of seed germination on sucrose solution and the index of root length (r = 0.98), between the index of root length and the dynamics of accumulation of free proline under the influence of a stress factor (r = 0.76). According to a comprehensive assessment of the studied samples, it was found that the greatest decrease in growth processes and the smallest accumulation of free proline were noted in samples VNIIOZ-796/11 and Velichava / 2009. Samples D-150, 156/2014 and variety Yu-zhanka were identified as the most drought-resistant.