Baccharis dracunculifolia is a medicinal plant native to southeastern Brazil and is the main botanical source used by bees (Apis mellifera) in the manufacture of green propolis and display similar gastroprotective action and chemical profile. This article reports the healing gastric ulcer activity of the hydroethanolic extract of B. dracunculifolia (HEBD) in an acetic acid-induced ulcer model. In addition to the extract, the isolated compounds ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, baccharin, and aromadendrin-4'-O-methyl ether were also assayed. HEBD at a dose of 300 mg/kg reduced the ulcerated area by 49.4% after treatment for 7 days, twice a day. Histological analyses revealed that the margins and base of the ulcer obtained significant regeneration, and periodic acid Schiff base staining showed a 78.2% increase in the mucin levels. The action on the enzymatic antioxidant system demonstrated an increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase, in addition to raising glutathione reduced levels and myeloperoxidase activity. HEBD did not show cytotoxicity in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylterazole bromine test. In vitro, HEBD inhibited the H + /K + -ATPase enzyme and showed antioxidant activity in the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picryllydrazyl test. Regarding the isolated compounds, oral administration of p-coumaric acid (15 mg/kg) reduced the ulcerated area by 66.2%. The results suggest that HEBD recovers the gastric ulcerated tissue, raising mucus and antioxidant enzyme levels, and reducing the H + /K + -ATPase activity. In addition, the findings confirm that p-coumaric acid is a pivotal bioactive compound on the gastric healing effects elicited by HEBD. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):479-489, 2019

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RESUMO:A amamentação desempenha um papel importante na saúde dos neonatos, sendo o leite materno o alimento que fornece os nutrientes que a criança necessita para um adequado crescimento e desenvolvimento e oferece efeitos protetores essenciais para a redução de alergias alimentares, que está relacionada com interferências nutricionais nessa fase da vida. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar na literatura científica as relações entre a hipersensibilidade alimentar com o desmame precoce, verificando a associação entre esses dois conceitos abordando as principais causas que levam ao desenvolvimento de alergias alimentares. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de revisão de literatura nas bases de dados SCIELO, LILACS, SCIENCE DIRECT, PUBMED e MEDLINE, com ênfase em artigos dos últimos 15 anos, referente à relação do desmame precoce e reações alergênicas. Por meio desta revisão, verificou-se que muitas são as causas que levam à interrupção do aleitamento materno, como a ausência de informações sobre a importância do aleitamento materno pelas mães, introdução precoce de alimentos e o retorno das mães ao trabalho. Observa-se que os lactentes, principalmente, nos primeiros meses de vida apresentam o sistema imunológico e gastrointestinal imaturo, estando mais susceptíveis a absorção de macromoléculas e ao desenvolvimento de reações de hipersensibilidade, que podem desencadear alergias alimentares. Palavras-chave: amamentação; nutrição; sistema imunológico. ABSTRACT:Breastfeeding plays an important role in the health of newborns, with breastmilk being the food that provides the nutrients that the child needs for adequate growth and development and provides essential protective effects for the reduction of food allergies, which is related to nutritional interferences in this Stage of life. The present study aimed to investigate in the scientific literature the relationships between food hypersensitivity and early weaning, verifying the association between these two concepts, addressing the main causes that lead to the development of food allergies. A literature review was conducted in the databases SCIELO, LILACS, SCIENCE DIRECT, PUBMED and MEDLINE, with emphasis on articles from the last 15 years, regarding the relationship of early weaning and allergenic reactions. Through this review, it was verified that there are many causes that lead to the interruption of breastfeeding, such as the lack of information about the importance of breastfeeding by mothers, the early introduction of food and the return of mothers to work. It is observed that infants, especially in the first months of life, have the immature and immature gastrointestinal

The hydroalcoholic extract of B. dracunculifolia (HEBD) and its major compound p-coumaric acid were evaluated against the severity of intestinal inflammation and behavioral changes like depressive and anxious behavior in colitis mice. Colitis was induced in Swiss mice by oral dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration for five days. The mice received vehicle (10 ml/kg), HEBD (3, 30, or 300 mg/kg), or p-coumaric acid (15 mg/kg) orally, once a day for twelve days. Behavioral tests were performed on the 11th and 12th days after the beginning of the treatments. Moreover, the colon, cortex, and hippocampus were collected to analyze oxidative and inflammatory parameters. The treatment with HEBD (300 mg/Kg), but not p-coumaric acid, showed decreased disease activity index (DAI) values compared to the vehicle group and partially preserved the villi architecture and mucin levels. Furthermore, the HEBD increased the antioxidant defenses in the colon and hippocampus and reduced the myeloperoxidase activity and IL-6 levels in the colon from colitis mice. Colitis mice treated with HEBD did not show depressive-like behavior in the tail suspension test. HEBD reduced colon inflammation, while it maintains antioxidant defenses and mucin levels in this tissue. It may reduce neuropsychiatric comorbidities associated with colitis through its antioxidant effects.

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