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Nonselect Wistar rats and high-and stable-avoidance and low-variability (HA) rats were exposed to 100 ppm toluene vapor or air seven hours a day from the 13th day of gestation to 48 days of age. After termination of toluene exposure, the rats were examined by the Sidman avoidance test for 10 days. There was no difference between the toluene-exposed group and the control in the appearance of developmental signs in either the nonselect Wistar rats of HA rats. In the exposed HA males, learning acquisition was slow, and the individual variation in avoidance rates was as large as that of the nonselect rats. In the control HA males, avoidance learning was acquired rapidly and stabilized. A significant difference in avoidance was indicated between the exposed and the control HA rats. In HA females, learning acquisition and speed and magnitude of individual variation in avoidance rates in the exposed rats did not differ greatly from those of the controls. Slow learning acquisition and a large magnitude of individual variation in avoidance rates were displayed in the male and female nonselect Wistar rats. But in both the male and female controls of the nonselect rats, learning acquisition and individual variation did not differ from those of the exposed nonselect rats. No difference in avoidance was indicated between the exposed rats and the controls in either males or females.

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