Background: Osteoporosis is a bone condition that makes bones thininer and more fragile because of reduced bone density and it puts people at risk of fractures, especially of the hip, spinal vertebrae and wrist. Objective: This study will highlighted the role of IL-17 in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Patients and methods: This study applied on 84 includes subjects (42 postmenopausal osteoporosis patient and 42 of healthy control group), conducted from December 2014 to March 2015 to measure the IL-17 serum level by using ELISA kit. Results: In osteoporotic postmenopausal women the mean of serum IL-17 was (0.49pg/ml) and it is significantly higher than that of healthy group (0.09pg/ml). Conclusion: Serum IL-17 was significantly elevated in osteoporotic postmenopausal women when compared to healthy postmenopausal women.

Background:- Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the presence and proliferation of functional endometrial gland and stroma outside the uterine cavity, affecting approximately 10% of reproductive age women. Il-6 level increased in the patient with endometriosis.Objective:- Evaluate the correlation of IL-6 levels with the degree of severity of endometriosisPatients and methods:- In this study, 84 samples 51women with endometriosis (20 newly diagnosed and 31 treated cases) and 33 of healthy control group, were collected starting from November 2011 to end of January 2012, to investigate the IL-6 serum level by using ELISA kit.Results :- Endometriosis patients mainly presented at the age between (28-37). IL-6 serum levels were significantly decrease in those with stage IV endometriosis. Also appear to be significantly affected by the use of danazol or zoladex treatment of endometriosis and remain low even in treated patients. Serum IL-6 test was highly specific but with low sensitivity.Conclusion:-Serum IL-6 concentration seem to be the highly specific test that can be used as an early detection marker for endometriosis.

Background:- Colorectal carcinoma is the most common cancer after the breast cancer in female and bronchus cancer in male. P53 is a tumor suppressor gene, approximately half of colorectal cancers present mutation in p53 gene.Objectives:- To determine the frequency and the pattern of p53expression in colorectal carcinoma by immunohistochemical technique and to correlate this expression with different clinicopathological parameters.Materials and methods:-Thirty cases of colorectal carcinoma were included in this study, these cases were diagnosed in private pathology laboratories in Baghdad / Iraq from January 2015 to Jaune 2015. Clinicopathological parameters such as age , gender , pathological diagnosis , including the tumor site , lymph nodes status , grade and stage of tumor were taken from patients files.Sections of 4μm stained by hematoxylen and eosin stain and immunohistochemical stained for p53.Results: Nineteen (63.3%) of the cases were males, 11(36.7%) cases were females, with age distribution ranging from (39-89) years with a mean age of 56.5 years . Ten cases(33.3%) located in the cecum , 3(10%)cases from each right colon , sigmoid 8 (26.7%) cases were from left colon and 6(20%) cases were from the rectum. Histologically the tumor grade range from moderately differentiated in 27 (90%) cases, and poorly differentiated in 3 (10%) cases. Regarding pathological staging (TNM system),2 (6.7%) cases were T2 ,24 (80%) were T3 , 4(13.3%) cases were T4. Lymph node involvement found in 14(46.7%) cases, and distant metastasis was found in 3(10%) cases. P53 expression was present in 11(36.7 %) cases, were distributed as follows:- weak in 1(3.3%) case,moderat in 3(10%) and marked in 7(23.4%) cases. There was no correlation between p53 expression and the clinicopathological parameters age , sex , histopathological grade, location , lymph nodes status and tumor stage.Conclusion: There was no significant statistical correlation between P53 expression by tumor and different clinicopathological parameters in this study

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is the most frequent type of malignancy in terms of incidence,it is the third most common cancer world wide in both sexes . bcl_2 expression has been described as been a better prognostic factor in colorectal carcinoma.Objcetives: To determine the frequency and the pattern of Bcl-2 expression in colorectal carcinoma by immunohistochemical technique and to correlate this expression with different clinicopathological parameters.Material and method: Thirty cases of colorectal carcinoma were studied, these cases were diagnosed in private laboratories in Baghdad / Iraq from January 2015 to Juan 2015. Clinicopathological parameter such as age, gender , pathological diagnosis , tumor site , lymph nodes status , grade and stage of tumor were collected from patients files..Sections of 4μm were stained by hematoxylen and eosin stain, and immunohistochemical stained for Bcl-2.Results: Nineteen (63.3%) cases were males, 11(36.7%) cases were females, with age distribution ranging from (39-89) years with a mean age of 56.5 years. Histologically the tumor grade range from moderately differentiated in 27 (90%) cases and poorly differentiated in 3 (10%) cases. Ten (33.3%)cases located in the right colon and sigmoid each 6(20%) cases in rectum,8(26.7%) cases in the cecum,3(10%)cases located in right colon and sigmoid each,6(20%) cases in the rectum and 8(26.7%) cases in the left colon. Regarding pathological staging (TNM system),2 (6.7%) cases were stage T2 ,24 (80%) were stage T3 ,4(13.3%) cases were T4. Lymph node involvement found in 14(46%) cases and distant metastasis was found in 9(30%)cases. Bcl-2 expression was present in 14(46.7 %) cases of 30 colorectal carcinoma.There was no significant correlation with age, sex, histopathological grade, location, lymph nodes status and tumor invation.Conclusion: There was no significant statistical correlation between bcl expression by tumor cell of colorectal carcinoma and different clinicopathological parameters in this study.

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