A multiomics approach encompassing morphophysiology, ionomic profiling, whole-genome resequencing, transcriptomics, and high-resolution metabolomics reveals that differences in cadmium resistance between two rapeseed cultivars is determined by subcellular reallocation.
Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth and crop productivity. Organic N is a major form of remobilized N in plants’ response to N limitation. It is necessary to understand the regulatory role of N limitation adaption (NLA) in organic N remobilization for this adaptive response. Transcriptional and proteomic analyses were integrated to investigate differential responses of wild-type (WT) and nla mutant plants to N limitation and to identify the core organic N transporters targeted by NLA. Under N limitation, the nla mutant presented an early senescence with faster chlorophyll loss and less anthocyanin accumulation than the WT, and more N was transported out of the aging leaves in the form of amino acids. High-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that N limitation repressed genes involved in photosynthesis and protein synthesis, and promoted proteolysis; these changes were higher in the nla mutant than in the WT. Both transcriptional and proteomic profiling demonstrated that LHT1, responsible for amino acid remobilization, were only significantly upregulated in the nla mutant under N limitation. These findings indicate that NLA might target LHT1 and regulate organic N remobilization, thereby improving our understanding of the regulatory role of NLA on N remobilization under N limitation.
BACKGROUND Adrenal tuberculosis usually presents with bilateral involvement. It has special characteristics in computed tomography (CT) images, such as small size, low attenuation in the center, and peripheral rim enhancement, which differ from those of primary tumors. CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old female presented to the hospital with low back pain. She had been diagnosed with hypertension as well as pulmonary and cerebral tuberculosis but denied having any fever, fatigue, anorexia, night sweats, cough, or weight loss. Abdominal CT revealed an irregular 6.0 cm × 4.5 cm mass with uneven density in the right adrenal gland, while the left adrenal gland was normal. No abnormalities were observed in plasma total cortisol (8 am), adrenocorticotropic hormone, aldosterone/renin ratio, blood catecholamines, or urine catecholamines. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the right adrenal gland provided evidence of tuberculosis. After three years of anti-tuberculosis treatments, the large mass in the right adrenal gland was reduced to a slight enlargement. CONCLUSION This is a case of unilateral adrenal tuberculosis with CT imaging characteristics mimicking those of a malignant tumor. Extended anti-tuberculosis therapy is recommended in such cases.
Background: Vacuoles are unique compartments in plant cells. Their multiple functions require massive fluxes of molecules across their limiting membrane, the tonoplast. Transport across the tonoplast is energized by its membrane potential and the proton gradient established by two proton pumps, the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), and the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), which play important roles in the growth and development of plants. However, the mechanisms by which they affect plant growth and development, in the absence of tonoplast proton pumps, remain unclear. Results: In this study, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant, vha-a2vha-a3, which lacks two tonoplast-localized isoforms of the membrane-integral V-ATPase subunit VHA-a, is viable, but shows a phenotype of inhibited growth and leaf chlorosis. Reduced total nitrogen absorption and increased nitrate assimilation lead to the accumulation of ammonium in the shoot, which results in the growth retardation of vha-a2vha-a3. Concurrently, the distribution and concentration of cations are abnormal in plants when VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 genes are absent, which is another major growth-limiting factor. Interestingly, the growth inhibition of the vha-a2vha-a3 double mutant was alleviated and senescence delayed, while the concentration of total nitrogen increased and that of ammonium decreased, when adding additional potassium. Conclusions: Our results show that plants can be viable without VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 but are affected by multiple factors that result in growth retardation, which can be alleviated by adding additional potassium, which provides a new insight on the relationship between vacuolar H+-ATPase and potassium.
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