RingkasanTinjauan atas fenomena kemiskinan di sektor perkebunan memasuki dimensi baru, sejak adanya krisis ekonomi yang ikut sedikit banyak mempengaruhi sektor ini. Wilayah kajian baru tersebut adalah pola penyesuaian nafkah petani perkebunan skala kecil (plasma) dalam menyiasati krisis ekonomi. Dengan mengkaji dua kasus di Provinsi Riau, diperoleh gambaran strategi adaptasi nafkah yang menarik. Sudi ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi nafkah ganda menjadi perilaku atau tindakan ekonomi yang menonjol digunakan oleh petani perkebunan miskin di kedua daerah penelitian. Strategi adaptasi nafkah yang diimplementasikan biasanya tetap disesuaikan pada konteks sosio-budaya lokal.Katakunci: strategi adaptasi nafkah, kemiskinan, perkebunan PendahuluanSubsektor perkebunan yang didominasi oleh perkebunan rakyat dengan pangsa areal sekitar 80% telah menunjukkan ketangguhannya dalam menghadapi krisis ekonomi di Indonesia. Bahkan, pada awal krisis ekonomi, perkebunan rakyat mengalami peningkatan kesejahteraan sebagai akibat depresiasi rupiah yang cukup signifikan. Pelajaran yang dapat ditarik dari fenomena tersebut adalah bahwa perkebunan, khususnya perkebunan rakyat, mempunyai potensi sebagai salah satu leading sektor, tidak hanya pada saat ekonomi dalam keadaan booming, tetapi juga ketika terjadi krisis. Beberapa hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa perkebunan rakyat mempunyai peran penting, baik sebagai sumber pertumbuhan maupun untuk perbaikan distribusi pendapatan sekaligus untuk menanggulangi masalah kemiskinan.Untuk masa mendatang, upaya mempertahankan kontribusi perkebunan rakyat dalam hal pertumbuhan dan pemerataan pendapatan akan menghadapi berbagai masalah. Harga produk perkebunan primer pada tiga tahun terakhir cenderung menurun. Di sisi lain, harga input terus meningkat sehingga keuntungan usaha perkebunan semakin menipis. Produktivitas perkebunan rakyat yang relatif rendah juga merupakan masalah mendasar perkebunan rakyat.
<em>Conflicts have colored human history and occurred in various places. The ranges of conflict vary, from international, national to local scales. There can be economical, political, territorial and other sorts of conflict. One example of common type of the conflicts in Indonesia is local ethnic conflict between Indonesian local government and Bajo ethnic over marine territory at Tomini bay. This research aims not only to analyze this conflict at Tomini bay area but also to explore its causes, types, and resolution. The research uses critical theory and applies historical sociology and case study. The data is analyzed through qualitative method. The research shows that the ethnic conflict at Tomini bay was stimulated by the local government decision to give a license to a timber company and fishing industry at the bay. This policy has threatened Bajo’s social and economic systems at the bay and triggered authority, economy and knowledge conflicts. Intensive dialogues have been conducted to resolve the conflicts but have not yielded significant resolution. The best solution to terminate the conflict and give legal certainty over the use of the bay area is that the conflicting zones must be mapped justly and all interests are accommodated equally.</em>
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of the participants to effectiveness rate of street children empowerment and to analyze the correlation between the effectiveness of behavior change program with street children. This research was conducted in Cibinong, Bogor using a quantitative approach through survey method of 30 respondents from participants in Tabayun Shelter program. This research also supported by qualitative data with in-depth interviews, field observation, and document tracking. Quantitative data analysis was performed using Rank Spearman and Chi-Square correlation test. The results of this study indicate that the program participant characteristics such as age, type of job, working hours have relation with the level of program effectiveness. Test results showed that there are correlations between the levels of program effectiveness with program participants' behavior changes in the level of knowledge. This research also shows that program effectiveness in Shelter Tabayun still low.Keywords: effectiveness, characteristics, behavior changes---------------------ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik peserta dengan tingkat efektivitas program pemberdayaan anak jalanan dan menganalisis hubungan tingkat efektivitas program dengan perubahan perilaku anak jalanan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode survei terhadap 30 responden peserta program di Rumah Singgah Tabayun. Penelitian ini juga didukung dengan data kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam, observasi lapang, dan penelusuran dokumen. Analisis data kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman dan Chi-Square. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik peserta program seperti usia, jenis pekerjaan, dan jam kerja memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat efektivitas program. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tingkat efektivitas program dengan perubahan perilaku peserta program di tingkat perubahan pengetahuan. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tingkat efektivitas program di Rumah Singgah Tabayun masih rendah.Kata Kunci: efektivitas, karakteristik, perubahan perilaku
T h e p u rpo ses o f th is s tu d y we re to a n a lyze th e m ig ra tio n p ro cess o f M in a n g ’s wo m en . T h e stu d y sh o w th a t (1 ) sin ce 1 9 80 M ina ng ’s wo m en ten d to m igra te in d irect wa y to th e d est in a tio n a rea wh i ch th ey h a ve ch o o se a nd in th e ca se o f M in an g ’s wo m en in Ja ka rta it’s m ea n th a t th ey wen t to Ja ka rt a d irectly, wh il e transit trend in the other destination area seldom practiced. The trend of direct migration pattern to Jakarta also supported by the improvement of the transportations facilities. Along with it, women migration flo w b e co m es m o re o p en sin ce th e M in a n g ’s wo m en m ig ra tio n wa s ch a in m ig ra tio n ba sed o n kin sh ip wh o have migrate first (2)Although Minang women migrant have stay in destination area for 5 (five) years or more, they keep coming back to their origin area even once in a while. <br />K ey wo rd s: M in a n g ’s wo m en m ig ra n ts, pa tter n an d flo w o f m ig ra tion <br />
Lowland agricultural fields have unique characteristics that only harvest once a year and planting process begins when the water has began to recede. The type of local rice planted is Pegagan. Pegagan has unique characteristics, such as high trees, paddy longer lifespan, pest resistant, and tougher rice grains. These plants favored local residents because the rice produced relatively hard so filling. Therefore, rice Pegagan be the ultimate local food for local people. When there is a green revolution policy to increase rice productivity, the type of rice Pegagan displaced and replaced by new IR 42 and Ciherang rice seedlings. Family food pattern shifted, including local livelihoods. This article presents an overview of the history of lowland rice farming, the role of women in agriculture and food family.
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