 Abstract-Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that be a source of concern for industrial workers and it was proposed in the formation of advance glycation end products (AGEs) such as methylglyoxal (MG). MG have recently attracted much attention because of their possible clinical significance in chronic and agerelated diseases. Based on previous research, methylglyoxal formation can be accelerated by metals in vitro. The role of Cd in the formation of MG and hydrogen peroxide has not been much studied. Thus, our study aims to measure the formation rate of MG and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Cd in vitro. This research was divided into 4 groups (1 control group and 3 treatment groups), than we set carbonyl compound assay, methylglyoxals assay, and hydrogen peroxide assay. For analyzing of the data, SPSS software version 17 was used and was examined by ANOVA and regression correlation test. For all outcomes, a nominal p-value of p < 0,05 was considered significant. We found that there are significant correlation between Cd exposure on the formation of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal (p < 0,05) in nonenzymatic glycation of proteins by glucose. The increased Cd level accelerate the formation of methylglyoxal and hydrogen peroxide.

Malnutrition children have lower intelligence due to brain cells damage caused by oxidative stress. Seluang (Rasbora spp.) has the potential te reduce this problem. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) levels with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain of malnourished rats after administration of seluang.  This study used a posttest only with control group design. 30 white rats (Rattus norvegicus) made into malnutrition and divided into three groups, M: malnutrition group, P1: malnourished rats fed standard diet, P2: malnourished rats fed seluang for 4 weeks. The results showed that malnourished rats had the highest levels of H 2 O 2. ANOVA statistical tests showed a significant differences between H 2 O 2 levels (p = 0.001) and MDA levels (p = 0.001) among malnutrition group with the other groups Pearson correlation test results concluded that there was a correlation H 2 O 2 levels with MDA levels (p = 0.001, r = 0.684) as indicated by decrease of H 2 O 2 levels followed by decrease in MDA levels. This study showed a correlation between H 2 O 2 levels and MDA levels in the of malnourished rat brain fed seluang. Thus seluang can improve the condition of oxidative stress in malnourished rat brain.

In addition to a wide range of adverse effects on human health, toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd) can promote kidney damage. In this study, we proposed the toxicological properties of these metals which are partly related to lipid peroxidation and chlorinative stress. Thus our study aimed to measure the lipid peroxidation and chlorinative stress in kidney of rats exposed to Cd. The study was performed on 32 male rats (Rattus novergicus) weighing 300±10 grams with normal activity. Rats were acclimatized for a week before the treatment. The animals were divided into two major groups with one group for control (K 0 ) and the other groups were exposed to 3 mg/L CdSO 4 through the drinking water. The animals in each groups were divided again into two small groups with different time of exposure. The time of exposure are subacute (six weeks) and subchronic (eight weeks). After the exposure the kidney from all treated animals showed the significant increase of MDA and AOPP levels. In conclusion, subacute and subchronic exposure of Cd caused the kidney damage through lipid peroxidation and chlorinative stress, as shown by increasing of MDA and AOPP levels.

 Abstract-Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome in the first months of infant life due to a systemic response caused by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their products in the blood. Sepsis promotes the unbalanced production of oxidant and anti-oxidant substances, causing an excess of free oxygen radicals. Early markers of neonatal sepsis have been studied in recent years, and we proposed another parameter to detect early-onset neonatal sepsis with salivary antioxidative index (SAOI), saliva has been shown as blood representatives and to have many benefits. This study was conducted in April -June 2012, saliva specimens were taken from 57 newborns, in which 32 infants were at risk of sepsis and 25 infants were healthy and served as a control group. Data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. We concluded that sepsis possibility 3,7 fold when there are low AOI. This parameter may be used as another marker to detect early-onset neonatal sepsis. Index Terms-Early-onset neonatal sepsis, free oxygen radicals, salivary antioxidative index

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