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Objectives: This experiment aims to investigate the apoptosis effect of curcumin and its analogs pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) and PGV-1 on normal and other cancer cell lines.Methods: Growth inhibition effect was investigated using the MTT method. Double staining used acridine orange, 2-(4-aminodiphenyl)-6-indolcarbamidine dihydrochloride and ethidium bromide was performed to determine morphological changes of cells. Detection of PARP, caspase-3, PUMA and BAX using a western blot method was conducted to elucidate the apoptosis effect of the compounds.Results: PGV-1 (2.5 μM) and PGV-0 (5.0 μM) could inhibit T47D-cell growth on 72 h observation, but not for curcumin. DNA staining showed PGV-1 has the strongest apoptosis induction effect on T47D-cells compared to PGV-0 and curcumin as well. Western blot analysis resulted in cleavage PARP (83 kD) on HeLa, T47D, and MCF-7 cells treated with PGV-1 (2.5 µM), PGV-0 (5.0 µM). Curcumin (10.0 µM) just induced apoptosis on T47D-cell and MCF-7 cell, but not HeLa cell. Cleavage PARP resulted by apoptosis process in the cell. PGV-1 (2.5 µM) had a stronger apoptosis effect compared to PGV-0 (5.0 µM) and curcumin (10.0 µM) based on cleaved PARP result qualitatively. On the normal cell (NH3T3), cells that were treated with the compounds resulted in a negative cleavage PARP. This result indicated that the compounds were part of a selectively induced cancer cell line apoptosis process. Conclusion:Curcumin, PGV-0 and PGV-1 could inhibit cell growth by induce apoptosis on cancer cells but not on normal cells, which PGV-1 has strongest apoptosis induction effect on cancer cell lines.

Cancer is a disease, a public health problem, which is found in the world as well as in Indonesia. In general, some of cancer theraphies are ineffective, characterized by the resistance performance of cancer cell line, the exposed normal cell and by the side effects. Nowadays, studies to fi nd the specifi c and safely anti-cancer drugs were increased by the time. Several studies revealed that Curcuma mangga Val. Rhizome contains some secondary metabolites, essential or non-essential oil, which has cytotoxic activities to the cancer cells. Based on these anti-cancer potentials, this study has several aims to recognize anti-cancer selectivity and molecular mechanism by inducting apoptosis and inhibiting myeloma cell proliferation. To C. mangga Val. essential oil, immunocyto chemical test was performed to determine the expression of p53, caspase-9, Bcl-2, H-Ras protein while TUNEL test was performed to determine the number of apoptosis cells.The results of this study shown that anti-cancer molecular mechanism of C. mangga Val. essential oil to myeloma cell line was performed by increasing apoptosis; by increasing the expression of pro-apoptosis p53, caspase-9 protein and reducing protein which is increasing proliferation Bcl-2 and H-Ras.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are produced by numerous plant species throughout the world. Numerous intoxications in animals and humans caused by the consumption of certain plants were attributed from the middle of this century to compounds of vegetable origin, the pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Daun dewa (Gynura pseudo-china (L.) DC.) is one of Indonesian medicinal plant which also a native plant of India, Thailand and China. The tuber of this plant is commonly used in Indonesian traditional medicine such as for treatments of uterine hemorrhages, dysentery, and inflamed wounds. Although its medicinal value, it is reported that leaves of this plant and other Gynura species content pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). There are concern about the present of PAs in medicinal plants because of the toxicity of this compounds to human and animal. It is reported that PAs are hepatotoxic, pneumotoxic, genotoxic, neurotoxic, and cytotoxic. The purpose of this study is to study the PAs content of G. pseudochina tuber. The structures-were elucidated using spectral data of Infra Red, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy and a combination of one-and two dimensional 1 H and 13 C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. In this study, two pyrrolizidine alkaloids, senecionine (Compound 1) and senkirkine (Compound 2) were isolated from the tuber of G. pseudo-china. This results suggest that it should be a safety consideration in consuming this plant for traditional medicine because it is also contains PAs which are toxic compounds.

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