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The priority task of the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation is the production of food grain. The article describes the characteristics of agricultural lands for 2004-2018, the area of sowing and yield of the grain and leguminous crops for 2014-2018, as well as the assessment of yield and adaptive potential of the main varieties of the grain and leguminous crops for 2017-2019 in the Tyumen region. On average, in 2004-2018, the total area of agricultural lands amounted to 2352.6 thousand hectares, and the area of the field – 1119.1 thousand hectares. The time dynamics showed an increase of the total area of agricultural lands and a decrease of the area of the field. The area of sowing of the grain and leguminous crops averaged 689.4 thousand hectares in 2014-2018, and the average yield was 2.06 tons/ha. The leading grain crop is spring wheat. The average sowing area of spring wheat was 402.9 thousand hectares with an average yield of 1.95 tons/ha. The variability of grain and leguminous crops yield ranged from small to significant, while coefficient of yield stability ranged from 1.0 (winter wheat) to 5.3 (winter rye). The largest average yield of spring wheat was observed in the middle-early variety Tyumenskaya 25 (5.21 t/ha) and middle-season variety Aviada (5.00 t/ha), in the spring barley – Abalak (4.69 t/ha), in the oats – Foma (6.07 t/ha) and peas – Thomas (4.37 t/ha). In general, all varieties of grain and leguminous crops were characterized by low stress resistance, and their yield variability ranged from small to significant. The index of ecological plasticity of the majority of varieties was equal to and close to one, which characterizes them as plastic, i.e. the change in their yield fully corresponds to the change in growing conditions. The variety of spring wheat Tyumenskaya 25 was the best in terms of general adaptive ability (GAA = 0.20), the variety of spring barley – Abalak (GAA = 0.15), the variety of oats – Foma (GAA = 0.20) and the variety of peas – Thomas (GAA = 0.18). The variety of the spring barley Abalak (GAA = 0.15; Cv = 6.6%) and the pea variety Thomas (GAA = 0.18; Cv = 5.3%) were the best varieties combining a high level of general adaptive ability with a small yield variability.

Оценка сортов озимой ржи по урожайности и параметрам экологической пластичности в условиях Северного Зауралья В.А. С а п е г а 1, Г.Ш. Т у р с у м б е к о в а 2 гФГБОУ ВО «Тюменский индустриальный университет», г. Тюмень, Российская Федерация, 2ФГБОУ ВО «Государственный аграрный университет Северного Зауралья», г. Тюмень, Российская Федерация В статье дана оценка сортам озимой ржи по урожайности и параметрам адаптивности за 2015-2017 гг при испытании в зоне подтайги и северной лесостепи Тюменской области. Индекс условий среды и экологическую пластичность сортов определяли по методике S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell, реализацию потенциала урожайностипо методике Э.Д. Неттевича. Размах урожайности определяли по методике В.А. Зыкина с соав., общую адаптивную способность сортов-по методике А.В. Кильчевского, Л.В. Хотылевой. Выявлена значительная вариабельность ин декса условий среды независимо от природно-климатической зоны (подтайга-от-1,04 до 1,87; северная лесостепьот-0,74 до 0,64). Наибольшей средней урожайностью в зоне подтайги характеризовался сорт Петровна (Россия)-3,15 т/га, а в зоне северной лесостепи-Зу Форзетти (Германия)-3,56 т/га. Реализация потенциала урожайности сортов низкая, особенно в зоне подтайги. Наибольшей ее величиной независимо от природно-климатической зоны характеризовался сорт Петровна (61,4%-подтайга; 82,2%-северная лесостепь). По средней урожайности в шести средах (3 года х 2 ГСУ) лучшим сортом был Петровна (3,33 т/га). У всех сортов выявлен сильный размах урожай ности от 57,9% (Петровна) до 73,8% (Зу Перформер (Германия)). По экологической пластичности выделились три группы сортов: сильно отзывчивые на изменение условий (b >1-Зу Форзетти), слабо отзывчивые на изменение условий (b < 1-Петровна) и пластичные (b .равно или близко единице-Дукато (Германия), Зу Мефисто (Германия), Зу Пер формер (Германия), Янтарная (Россия)). Наибольшей стабильностью характеризовались сорта Дукато (S2 = 1,59) и Зу Форзетти (S 2=3,18), а наименьшей-Петровна (S 2 = 34,40) и Янтарная (S 2 = 26,97). Наибольшая общая адаптив ная способность выявлена у сортов Петровна (ОАС = 0,35) и Янтарная (ОАС = 0,19). На основе комплексной оценки по урожайности и параметрам адаптивности в шести средах лучшим признан перспективный сорт Зу Форзетти.

The aim of the research is the assessment of 10 varieties of spring soft wheat approved for use, and 5 promising varieties of spring durum wheat of Russian selection according to yield and adaptability parameters for 2015-2018 on the basis of the results of the test carried out in the southern forest steppe zone of the Tyumen region. Productive and adaptive potential of the varieties was determined by the method of L.A. Zhivotkov co-authored, the average yield in contrast conditions –by the equations of A.A. Rossielle, J. Hemblin, the yield variability – by the method of B.A. Dospekhov, the environmental condition index and ecological plasticity of varieties – by S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell, the general adaptive ability of the varieties – by the method of A.V. Kilchevsky, L.V. Hotyleva. The strongest variability of indexes of environmental conditions during the years of testing of the varieties was found in middle-early varieties of spring soft wheat, from -1.08 (2017) to 1.26 (2018). The varieties of spring soft wheat Tyumenskaya Yubileynaya (middle-early, 3.06 t/ha) and Aviada (middle-season, 2.86 t/ha), and of spring durum wheat – Omsky izumrud (3.52 t/ha) were recognized the best in terms of average yield. In the favorable conditions of 2018, on the basis of determination of the percentage of yield of varieties relative to the average among the varieties, the largest productive potential of spring soft wheat varieties was revealed in Tyumenskaya Yubileynaya (middle-early, 111.5 %), Aviada (middle-season, 108.9 %) and spring durum wheat – Omskaya stepnaya (105.7 %). In the unfavorable conditions of 2017, high adaptability was observed in spring soft wheat varieties Ekaterina (middle-early, 118.7%), Ikar (middle-season, 105.0 %) and spring durum wheat – Omskaya stepnaya (105.8 %). Regardless of the specie, all studied varieties had significant yield variability. The most of the varieties were characterized as plastic (bi is equal to or close to 1). Strong responsiveness to change of conditions is determined in spring soft wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 15 (middle-early, bi = 1.11) and Aviada (middle-season, bi = 1.21), and in spring durum wheat Omsky korund (bi = 1.14). The varieties of spring soft wheat Ekaterina (middle-early, Si2 = 1.20), Tyumenskaya 29 (middle-season, Si2 = 0.03) and spring durum wheat Zhemchuzhina Sibiri (Si2 = 0.84) were the best in terms of stability. The varieties of spring soft wheat Tyumenskaya Yubileynaya (midlle-early, GAA = 0.32), Aviada (middle-season, GAA = 0.07) and the spring durum wheat Omsky izumrud (GAA = 0.26) were the best according to the general adaptive ability. The varieties of spring soft wheat Ekaterina (midlle-early) and Aviada (middle-season) and spring durum wheat Omskaya stepnaya were recognized as the best on the basis of the complex assessment of yield and adaptability parameters.

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