Introduction. The Russian telecommunications industry is on the threshold of introducing 5G/IMT-2020 (5G) mobile communications. The expected technological innovations of the new generation standard will lead to an increase in the capacity of mobile operators ‘ networks, data transfer speeds, the emergence of new scenarios for the use of mobile communications and the development of innovative digital services. This will contribute to economic growth by increasing labour productivity, automation and introducing new technologies in various economy and human activity areas. At the same time, the electromagnetic environment (EMO) in the areas where people stay will also change. The purpose of the study is to consider the unique features of the architecture of the 5G network to predict the impact on the population of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the radio frequency (RF) range. Material and methods. The study is analytical. The information base of the research was Russian strategic documents on the development of 5G technologies, articles published in domestic and foreign journals. Results. The primary input data for the construction of 5G networks are presented, allowing us to evaluate EMO and identify the new technology features that are significant in terms of the impact of RF electromagnetic fields on the population. The 5G network uses previously unused RF bands and new types of antennas. With the introduction of 5G, the density of base stations (BS) and access points will significantly increase, the heights of BS antennas will decrease, and the spatial and temporal characteristics of electromagnetic radiation will change substantially. Conclusion. The architecture of the 5G network differs significantly from the mobile communication standards of previous generations. The introduction of 5G networks will lead to a significant change in the electromagnetic background in the environment. An urgent task is to develop a theory of hygienic regulation of RF EMF for the population in a complex electromagnetic environment with simultaneous operation of 5G networks and previous generations and new approaches to determining the levels of EMF in the environment by computational and instrumental methods.

The problem of ensuring safety of electric and magnetic fields (EMF) of extremely low frequencies (ELF) is resulted from the development of the first low-frequency generators producing penetrating effect and causing negative biological outcomes. World power resources are doubling every 10 years, and ELF EMF are generated around by such sources. The number of sources on the scale of application, power and design diversity significantly exceeds those generating EMF in other frequency ranges. The population is exposed to 50 Hz ELF at work, in electric transport, in residential and public buildings, in residential areas. ELF EMF was found both to “pollute” the environment, be an environmental health risk factor, and affect negatively the health with potential long-term outcomes. Development of various methods and means of protection against the effect of ELF EMF remains relevant today. Limitation (regulation) of the effect of the factor both in terms of intensity and exposure is the most effective protection. Epidemiological studies to identify the relationship between exposure to ELF magnetic fields (MF) and carcinogenesis are on-going. A task panel group of research experts, established by WHO in 2005, conducted a routine procedure to assess health risks resulting from exposure to ELF MFs and, in particular, cancer and considered them to lack evidence. However, the significance of the data obtained was noted to be reduced due to procedural problems, potential systematic error of assessment. The problem remains unsolved. Research using various types of monitoring: social and hygienic, sanitary and epidemiological, is going on. Spatio-temporal monitoring of 50 Hz ELF MF in enclosed spaces of residential and public buildings, where a variety of equipment, devices, power supply systems, generating different MF levels, is an important area. The population is exposed to these conditions most of the day. Monitoring will allow assessing electromagnetic load at short-term and long-term exposures.

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Introduction. Under the regulations for civil aviation aerodromes, aerodrome territories (AT) are established. The analysis of the literature data shows that when considering the hygienic aspects of the operation of airfields, the authors focus on aviation noise and pollutants in the environment.The purpose of the study: to analyze the design documentation for the establishment of the AT of many civil aviation aerodromes to study the effects of electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range created by antennas of modern transmitting radio engineering objects (TREO). Materials and methods. We studied regulatory documents on the procedure for establishing and using aerodrome territories, radio engineering support for airfields, technical characteristics and operating modes of modern radio equipment, and regulatory documents for ensuring electromagnetic safety of the population. The analysis of the project documentation for the organization of the aerodrome territory on the electromagnetic effects of seven civil aviation airfields was carried out.Results. The study found the electromagnetic environment in an open area to depend on the power of the radio object, the frequency range, the height of the antenna installation, the radiation pattern in the vertical and horizontal plane, and the combination of two survey radars in one position. Sanitary protection zones and restricted areas for communication and navigation facilities are located within the technical territory of the airfield. Zones of restriction of radar objects fall into the seventh subzone of the AT, established by the noise factor.Conclusion. According to regulatory documents, the justification of the boundaries of the seventh subzone of the AT of civil aviation airfields is established by the factor of noise and electro-magnetic effects, and air pollution. The experience of reviewing the project documentation for the establishment of near-aerodrome territories for electromagnetic effects shows that the zone of restriction of powerful radars can influence the formation of the seventh subzone of the AT. If the restriction zones go beyond the boundaries of the aerodrome land plot, then restrictions on the use of real estate objects and activities are imposed on the territories that fall within the zone.

Summary. Introduction: Location of weather surveillance radars near settlements, in residential areas and on airport premises makes it important to ensure safe levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) when operating these radio transmitters. EMF maximum permissible levels for weather radars developed in the 1980s are outdated. Our objective was to analyze modern weather surveillance radars to develop proposals for improvement of radar-generated radiofrequency field monitoring. Materials and methods: We studied trends in meteorological radiolocation and technical characteristics of modern weather radars for atmospheric sensing and weather alerts, analyzed regulations for EMF measurements and hygienic assessment, and measured radiofrequency fields produced by weather radar antennas in open areas and at workplaces of operators. Results: We established that modern types of weather radars used in upper-air sensing systems and storm warning networks differ significantly in terms of technical characteristics and operating modes from previous generations. Developed in the 1980s, current hygienic standards for human exposures to radiofrequency fields from weather radar antennas are obsolete. Conclusions: It is essential to develop an up-to-date regulatory and method document specifying estimation and instrumental monitoring of EMF levels generated by weather radars and measuring instruments for monitoring of pulse-modulated electromagnetic radiation.