Pregnancy, even under the condition of its physiological course, is accompanied by tension of all functional systems of the body, which occurs already from the first trimester of pregnancy and increases during the period of their functional restructuring. In the presence of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD), gestational processes may be disrupted and lead to obstetric losses. The purpose of the work is devoted to the optimization of pregnancy management tactics, treatment and prevention of obstetric complications in women with connective tissue dysplasia and mitral valve prolapse, complicated by extrasystolic arrhythmia, through the differentiated use of complex drug treatment, which makes it possible to normalize the main pathogenetic factors of the development of pregnancy complications with this comorbid pathology. Material and methods. To solve the goal, 164 pregnant women with signs of UCTD and mitral valve prolaps (MVP) and 26 healthy pregnant women were examined. In addition to a general clinical and obstetric examination, all pregnant women underwent a laboratory-instrumental study of the state of the fetus and fetoplacental complex, the state of the cardiovascular system, vascular endothelium, the activity of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense systems, and the determination of blood electrolyte balance. Research results and their discussion. It was established that the course of pregnancy in women with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and mitral valve prolapse, complicated by extrasystolic arrhythmia (EA), is accompanied by a significantly higher frequency of obstetric and perinatal pregnancy complications during the entire gestation period (r=0.756-0.869, p<0.05). In pregnant women with UCTD and MVP syndrome, complicated by EA, the disease is clinically manifested by the development of both arrhythmic symptoms and signs of impaired vegetative status, which significantly shortens the time of blood supply and worsens metabolic processes in the myocardium and placenta, which are the direct causes of placental dysfunction, fetal growth retardation, the development of labor abnormalities and complications in the early postpartum period. The specified disorders in pregnant women with PMC on the background of UCTD are associated with hypo- and dyselectrolytemia of Mg2+, K+ and hypercalcemia, imbalances in the redox system, and the severity of endothelial dysfunction. In pregnant women with UCTD and MVP under the influence of the recommended treatment with arginine-carnitine and vitamin-mineral complex, the level of electrolytes, electrophysiological and functional indicators of the systolic-diastolic function of the myocardium were normalized to the level of healthy pregnant women due to the restoration of metabolic processes and improvement of peripheral hemodynamics, which was accompanied by satisfactory uterine placental-fetal blood flow (according to dopplerometry), a decrease in the frequency of miscarriage, preeclampsia, FGR and complications during childbirth and the postpartum period. Addition of the selective beta-adrenergic blocker nebivolol to the proposed medical support of pregnant women contributed to the elimination of extrasystole, was manifested by a reliable improvement of electrophysiological parameters and systolic-diastolic function of the heart. The obtained hemodynamic, antiarrhythmic and metabolic effects of the proposed complex therapy in pregnant women with UCTD and MVP complicated by extrasystolic arrhythmia were accompanied by a significant decrease in the frequency of pregnancy and childbirth complications. Conclusions. Recommended treatment algorithm have been proposed for the optimal management of pregnant women with UCTD and MVP syndrome, complicated by EA
Артеріальна гіпертензія може суттєво погіршувати стан здоров'я вагітної та часто спричиняє ускладнення в пологах та перинатальні ускладнення. Мета дослідження-виявити переваги та недоліки різних схем антигіпертензивної терапії у жінок з артеріальною гіпертензією під час процесу пологів та їх вплив на перебіг пологів та перинатальні результати. Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 228 жінок, які народжували у Тернопільському обласному перинатальному центрі «Мати і дитина» за період 2013-2018 рр. Артеріальна гіпертензія верифікована у 172 жінок, 56 роділь були умовно здоровими і склали групу контролю. У дослідження були включені роділлі в терміні 40 ± 2 тижні вагітності. За програмою лікування роділь було розподілено на чотири групи: перша група-58 жінок, які нехтували лікуванням артеріальної гіпертензії до вагітності, та під час вагітності був недостатній комплаєнс лікування; друга група-57 роділь з артеріальною гіпертензією, яким під час вагітності застосовувались допегіт і бетаблокатори, які не мають вазодилатуючих властивостей (метопролол, бісопролол); третя група-57 жінок, які отримували для лікування артеріальної гіпертензії допегіт і високоселективний бетаблокатор з вазодилатуючим ефектом небіволол; четверта група-56 здорових роділь без АГ та/чи іншої соматичної патології. Результати. Рекомендована програма лікування артеріальної гіпертензії (з включенням небівололу гідрохлориду) дозволяє забезпечити чіткий контроль артеріального тиску і уникнути різкого (стрибкового) підвищення систолічного, діастолічного артеріального тиску, та частоти серцевих скорочень під час пологів, що б становило небезпеку для здоров'я матері. Висновки. Включення в програму терапії небівололу гідрохлориду дозволяє нормалізувати перебіг та тривалість пологів, знизити відсоток таких ускладнень у пацієнток з артеріальною гіпертензією, як слабкість пологової діяльності, та зменшити рівень крововтрати під час пологів.
ГВУз «Тернопольский государственний медицинский университет им. И. Я. Горбачевского Минздрава Украины»
Premature birth (PB) is a polyetiological problem that depends on many factors, accompanied by violations of the placenta functional competence, changes in its metabolic, hormone-producing and protective functions. The objective: to establish the importance of placental factors in the development of PB in pregnant women with comorbid pathology. Materials and methods. The levels of fetal and placental proteins (placental alfa microglobulin-1, α2-microglobulin of fertility, trophoblastic β1-glycoprotein) and hormones (estriol, placental lactogen, progesterone) were determined in 33 pregnant women with threat of PB at 26–34 weeks of gestation (main group), who had concomitant comorbid pathology in the stage of unstable remission. The control group included 26 healthy pregnant women who were representative for gestational age. Results. In pregnant women with comorbid pathology a decrease of the placenta protein-synthesizing function and the hormone-producing function of the trophoblast was found, which makes it difficult to launch the syntoxic adaptation programs of the mother’s organism, which are responsible for maintaining the pregnancy with the subsequent development of placental dysfunction, the result of which is PB.The markers of these disorders are a 3-fold decrease in the level of trophoblastic β1-glycoprotein (p<0.0001) and a 1.7-fold decrease in the concentration of α2-microglobulin of fertility (p<0.0001) with a simultaneous 4-fold increase of placental alfa microglobulin-1 concentration (p<0.0001) and a decrease in the levels of placental lactogen by 1.6 times (p<0.0001), estradiol by 40 % (p<0.0001) and progesterone by more than 2 times (p<0.0001) compared to healthy pregnant women.Conclusions. In patients with comorbid pathology there are disorders in the secretion of pregnancy proteins due to a decrease in the levels of trophoblastic β1-glycoprotein and α2-microglobulin of fertility and an increase in the level of placental alfa microglobulin-1 and disorders of the hormone-producing function of the trophoblast due to a decrease in the secretion of placental lactogen, progesterone, and estradiol. The disturbance of the secretion of the pregnancy zone proteins and hormones are the early markers for the initiation of premature birth caused by placental dysfunction in pregnant women with comorbid pathology.
Among the visceral manifestations of NDST in pregnant women most often diagnosed mitral valve prolapse (20-25%) that accompanied by more cardiovascular and obstetric complications during pregnancy. It demonstrates the high clinical significance of the problem of connective tissue dysplasia with mitral valve prolaps for pregnancy and requires adequate treatment programs for prevention of complications and management of pregnant women with connective tissue dysplasia. Aim. Determination of the frequency of pregnancy pathology in women with clinical signs of NDST and MVP complicated by extrasystolic arrhythmia. Materials and methods. 138 pregnant women with MVP and concomitant signs of NDST and 54 healthy pregnant women were selected for analysis. Clinical manifestations of NDST, different variants of arrhythmias and the total number of complications of pregnancy and childbirth were evaluated. Results. In pregnant women with clinical signs of NDST and MVP complicated by extrasystolic arrhythmia, cases of frequent sinus extrasystole were significantly more often compared to frequent ventricular arrhythmia (47.8% vs. 18.1%, p<0.001) and cases of combination of frequent sinus extrasystole and ventricular arrhythmia (13.3 % vs. 1.5%, p <0.05). They significantly more often identified both symptoms of arrhythmological nature and symptoms that indicated a violation of autonomic status. The presence of NDST syndrome is more often accompanied by the development of complications of pregnancy and childbirth. These pregnant women have genetic and phenotypic risk factors for the development of pathological pregnancy and childbirth, birth trauma, disability of mother and newborn, which justifies such patients in a separate risk group for individualized programs of the prevention and treatment of visceral (cardiac) manifestations of NDST and possible complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Conclusions. 3.1% of pregnant women are diagnosed with phenotypic signs (stigma) of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, and the most common visceral cardiac manifestation is mitral valve prolapse. The presence of mitral valve prolapse and extrasystolic arrhythmia in pregnant women with NDST is accompanied by significantly more frequent development of pregnancy and childbirth complications in these patients.
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