The study sought to establish whether there are gender differences in Math and Language, among students attending Adventist schools in Chile in the tests applied to students in the System for Measuring the Quality of Education in Chile. The primary evidence taken for this study are for the years 2002, 2005 and 2006 for the fourth grade, and the years 2000 and 2004 for the eighth. The tests considered secondary are applied to the second grade in 2001, 2003 and 2006. Elementary students are represented in 37 Adventist schools and secondary in 14. Tests that are applied to students in different grades are standardized and developed by the Chilean Ministry of Education in Mathematics and Language, whose application has census character. The results showed no significant differences in Math in fourth grade in 2002 and 2005, and in its implementation of 2006 men scored significantly higher than women. In Language, in the three applications made, women averaged significantly higher than males. In the test for eighth grade of year 2000 no gender differences were observed, but in the test of 2004 men revealed a significantly higher mean than women. Regarding Language, the girls had an average significantly higher than that of males. In the three measurements ( AND 2006, and in Language, only in the year 2001 the girls had a significantly higher means than the boys. In 2003 and 2006, no gender differences were observed.

El estudio procuró conocer la importancia que le asignan los alumnos de 4° medio de secundaria y 8° básico a diversos aspectos fundamentales de la filosofía de la educación adventista que deben ser practicados en las escuelas y liceos que la iglesia adventista mantiene en Chile. A su vez se observó cuánto están logrando los colegios en relación a estos objetivos filosóficos de la educación, también se realizó el análisis para determinar si existe diferencia significativa entre la importancia y el logro de las dimensiones religioso-espiritual y socio-académica y si éstas fueron afectadas por la filiación religiosa de quienes participaron en el estudio. La investigación se realizó durante el período escolar 2011 en 35 escuelas primarias y 20 colegios secundarios. En el estudio participaron un total de 2257 estudiantes, de las cuales 824 eran de la enseñanza secundaria y 1433 de la enseñanza primaria. Los resultados mostraron que existe diferencia significativa entre la importancia y el logro de los objetivos de la filosofía educativa adventista. Por otro lado, se observó que los estudiantes de 4° medio de filiación adventista y los que no profesan religión se muestran menos satisfechos que los católicos en cuanto a los logros de las escuelas y liceos adventistas en los objetivos filosóficos, en cambio los estudiantes de 8° básico coinciden en su satisfacción con los logros de las escuelas. Tres aspectos relevantes de la filosofía adventista de la educación: el tener profesores adventistas, que sedesarrolle habilidades para la predicación y que el estudiante testifique de su fe a otros, parecenestar perdiendo relevancia en las expectativas de los participantes en el estudio.

No abstract

Directional drilling from artificial islands has become a common offshore practice in the United Arab Emirates, looking to minimize footprint while optimizing cost to reach maximum number of targets from a single location. This drilling practice brings some challenges such as torque and drag limitations, which is vital in order to safely reach wells total depth in well profiles with a high departure. The purpose of this paper is to discuss in detail the successful implementation of torque reduction techniques, focused on case histories from an artificial offshore island in the United Arab Emirates. During the planning phase, Drilling Engineers estimate expected torque and drag for the different sections based on modeling and historical data, this process is key to assess the limitations and initiate the process of evaluating the different torque and drag reduction techniques to be implemented based on the application. The case histories presented in this paper show the successful implementation of proven torque and drag management techniques, such as; well profile optimization, torque reduction subs, deployment of lubricated mud, use of real-time directional data to minimize hole tortuosity, and deployment of Rotary Steerable Systems from top to bottom for improved hole quality. There are different factors considered in the planning phase that make torque and drag management crucial, but drill pipes torque limitation was the main challenge to overcome in order to reach planned total depth in the case histories discussed in this paper. Wells trajectory and BHA optimization played an important role during the execution phase, as well as the deployment of lubricated mud and torque reduction subs which in conjunction provided an overall surface torque reduction of up to 28%. The implementation of different torque and drag reduction methods are illustrated with the modeling results and actual drilling data collected during the drilling of these wells. Information and data discussed in this paper can serve as documentation to aid in the planning phase for wells with similar challenges.

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