Novel metal oxide-doped fluorophosphates nano-glass powders were synthesized by melt quenching method, and their non-toxicity is proved by MTT. Their efficacy in bone formation is confirmed by osteocalcin and ALP secretion. Composites were made using PLA, PDLLA, PPF, or 1,2-diol with fluorophosphates nano-glass powders (AgFp/MgFp/ZnFp). Their non-toxicity was assessed by cell adhesion and MTT. The ability of the composite for bioconversion was assessed by RT-PCR estimation for osteocalcin, Collagen II, RUNX2, Chondroitin sulfate, and ALP secretion accessed by ELISA method. The animal study in rabbit showed good callus formation by bioconduction and bioinduction. The bioconversion of the composite itself was proved by modified Tetrachrome staining. From the 12 different composites with different composition, the composite PPF+PDLLA+PPF+ZnFp showed the best results. These obtained results of the composites made from common biological molecules are better than the standards and so they do biomimic as bone substitutes. The composites can be made as strips or granules or cylinders and will be a boon to the operating surgeon. The composite meets nearly all the requirements for bone tissue engineering and nullifies the defect in the existing ceramic composites.

Metals, ceramics, natural or synthetic polymers, and their composites are used as biomaterials aiding the clinician in the repair. Among these, biomaterials in orthopedics have very many demanding characteristics like tunable density, elasticity, and strength near to that of bone, bioresorbability and the ability to bond to live bone and not being toxic to the cells. Hench and Clark paved the way for preparing bioglasses and it is named as 45S5 bioglass. The 45S5 bioglass promotes osteogenesis by

The objective of the work is to investigate the influence of fluoride in the bioactivity of phosphate bio-glass to utilise in bone tissue engineering. The fluorophosphate bio-glass system was formulated by varying fluoride content in phosphate-based glass 45P2O5-(30-X)-CaO-25Na2O-XCaF2 (X = 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0) using melt quenching technique. The elemental composition and fluoride retention in the prepared material was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The bioactivity test in simulated body-fluid (SBF) exhibited apatite layer and its bone bonding ability which was characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer spectra. The viability of human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and MG-63 cells of the bio-glass confirmed the nontoxic nature. In vivo studies demonstrated the conversion of the fluorophosphate glass to bone in the femoral condyle of the rabbit. After ten weeks, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectrograph (SEM_EDAX) and confocal laser scanning microscopy examinations revealed the resorption rate and bone-glass interface qualitatively and quantitatively. Consequently, the biocompatible and bioresorbable nature of the fluorophosphate bioglass can be exploited as a potential bone graft substitute in the near future.