Introduction.The importance and relevance of studyingthe adaptation of sportsman’s organism to training and competitive loads in modern conditions is caused by ever-increasing demands for their morphofunctional and mental capabilities. The study of the ratio of functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system by echocardioscopy indicators and their connection with the individual-typological properties of the CNS is stipulated by theoretical and practical necessity.Purpose.The goal of the research is to determine the relationship between the individual and typological properties of the central nervous system and the functional capabilities of the heart in terms of the echocardioscopy parameters in highly qualified football players.Methods. The functional characteristics of the heart were studied in highly qualified football players (n = 64) and non-sportsmen (n = 73) with different individual and typological properties of the CNS by echocardioscopy parameters. Individual and typological differences and properties of the main nervous processes were determined by the method of M.V. Makarenko using the “Diagnost-1M” computer system.Result.At rest, there were no significant differences between the mean values of heart function: end-diastolic and systolic heart volumes, cardiac output and blood ejection fraction in groups of players with different levels of individual typological properties of the CNS. There were no correlations (r = 0.21 –0.27, p = 0.063 –0.078) between them. These results may indicate that at rest, the parameters of end-diastolic and systolic cardiac volumes, cardiac output and blood ejection fraction in highly skilled football players represent automatic cardiac properties, and they are realized without special involvement of the higher CNS levels.There were correlations (r = 0.37–056; p = 0.024–0.036) between the studied parameters in non-sportsmen with different levels of functional nervous process mobility and statistically significant differences in the average values of end-diastolic and systolic cardiac volumes, cardiac output and blood ejection fraction. All this indicates a correlation between hemodynamic parameters and individual and typological properties of the CNS.Originality. The problem of the individual reserves of the heart gradually subjected to the regulatory influence of more economical autonomous self-regulation mechanisms in the process of long-term sports training and professional selection of football players is studied and discussed.Conclusion. Differences of average values of the heart hemodynamic parameters of individual typological properties of CNS in sportsmen and non-sportsmen were revealed. The correlation between the indexes of functional mobility of the CNS nervous processes and the indicators of cardiac activity in non-sportsmen, and the lack of correlation in highly qualified football players were found. It indicates that there is a weakening of the influence of the higher parts of the brain on the autonomous mechanisms of the heart work regulation in sportsmen.Key words:cardiovascular system, functional mobility of nervous processes, sportsmen, non-sportsmen.

Authors' contributionWkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane -analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy SummaryBackground. The physical activity of 29 football players using either aerobic or anaerobic energy regimes was tested during official games and in the laboratory. Material and methods. Under conditions of gradually increasing power on a treadmill, maximal running speed (V, km/h), oxygen consumption (VO 2 , mL/min/kg), heart rate (HR, beats/min), and anaerobic metabolism threshold (AT mL/min/kg) were determined, and blood lactate (BLact, mmol/L) was measured.Results. The correlation between the total length of distance run during the game and treadmill running speed for the outcome measures were as follows: anaerobic metabolism threshold, r=0.54 (p=0.032), BLact, r=0.37 (p=0.034), VO 2 max, r=0.41 (p=0.027), and HR, r=0.36 (p=0.047). We found aerobic mechanisms were dominant in ensuring the game activity of football players. Specifically, aerobic mechanisms contribute roughly 32.4-43.8% to playing activity, while aerobic-anaerobic energy supply mechanisms provide for only 17%. Lactic and alactic mechanisms provide for 5.6% and 1.6%, respectively. Conclusions. The results provide valuable information on the relationship between football play activity and aerobic and anaerobic energy supply mechanisms. Enhancing the functionality of the anaerobic lactic-alactic energy system can lead to growth and improvements in physical performance in football players.

ntroduction. The factors that are decisive in achieving high sports results in football and have a significant impact on the game activities of players, are technical, tactical, moral and volitional characteristics and physical performance of players. In our opinion, the individual typological properties of the central nervous system and the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system can have a significant impact on the outcome of the game and the game activity of football players. We suggest that there may be a functional relationship between individual typological traits that are highly genetically determined features of the central nervous system and the reserve capacity of the cardiorespiratory system.Purpose. To find out the reserve capabilities of the cardiorespiratory system of football players with different individual-typological properties of the nervous system.Methods. The individual-typological properties of the CNS and the functional characteristics of the cardiorespiratory system were studied in the elite football players. Results. In the course of our research, the indicators of the properties of the main nervous processes, namely, functional mobility (FMNP), strength (SNP) and balance (BNP) of nervous processes, were determined. The reserve capabilities of cardiorespiratory functions of sportsmen were established according to the following indicators: respiratory coefficient (RC), heart rate (HR, beats ·min-1), systolic (CO, ml) and minute blood volume (Q, l. min-1), indicators of minute tidal volume (VE, l. min.-1), oxygen consumption (VO2, ml · min.-1, ml · min.-1· kg. -1), carbon dioxide emissions (VCO2, ml · min.-1, ml · min.-1· kg.-1) and blood lactate (HLa). Correlation links have been established between individual-typological properties on the example of FMNP and functions of the cardiorespiratory system (r = 0.37-0.51). Originality.It was found that the balance of nervous processes (BNP) was characterized by the greatest reserve capabilities among individual-typological properties. Among cardiorespiratory functions, the greatest reserve capabilities were found for indicators - Hla, VE and VO2. The results of correlation analysis indicate that the cardiorespiratory functions of highly qualified football players depend on the individual-typological properties of the nervous system.Conclusion.We have determined reserve capabilities among individual-typological and cardiorespiratory properties. The greatest reserve capabilities are the balance of nervous processes and indicators of lactate in the blood, the minute volume of respiration and oxygen consumption. 42 Серія «Біологічні науки», 202 2During physical activity in groups of elite football players with a high level of development of typological properties of the nervous system, the characteristics of cardiorespiratory functions are much more pronounced. There are relationships between individual-typological property - FMNP and indicators of cardiorespiratory functions - НLa, VE and VO2 (r = 0.37-0.51).Thus, the functional mobility of nervous processes determines the reserve capabilities of the cardiorespiratory system, which in turn limits the physical performance of football players.Key words: individual-typological properties of the CNS; cardiorespiratory functions; reserve capabilities of functional systems.

Background. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the structural and functional reorganization of the heart and their relationship with physical activity in elite football players. Material and methods.Characteristics of the myocardium and physical activity were studied using the Catapult Vector S7 GPS-sport telemetry system, "Polar" heart rate monitor, and echocardioscope.