This study aims to identify, map, and determine the critical elements of Village Fund management's constraints, needs, and actors using the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) method. ISM is a modeling technique that explains the contextual relationship between elements based on expert opinion to provide a concrete picture of something in a visual map. The results of the study indicate that there are eleven elements of village funds management constraints. In addition, there are seven elements needed to improve the effectiveness of village funds management and eight aspects of DD management actors. Furthermore, based on the ISM analysis results, the main component of managing village funds is limited human resources. In addition, the results obtained that the main determining actors in increasing the effectiveness of village funds management are the Village Government and the Community Empowerment Service. Meanwhile, the critical strategy to improve the effectiveness of Village Fund management is strengthening regulations and policies and strengthening human resource capacity through training and mentoring. This study recommends improving regulations, especially synchronizing the management of village funds starting from the planning and accountability stages, starting from the central government to village governments to implement a strategy to strengthen regulations. Meanwhile, the synergy between the government, the private sector, village communities, and universities increases competence through training and managing village funds.

The government, through the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia has allocated a National Economic Recovery (PEN) fund as a response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which has caused a decrease in tourist visits. The funds are provided for the procurement of facilities and infrastructure that support the tourism sector. One of the embodiments of this program is the plan to procure a tour bus that will take tourists from one tourist attraction to another. To analyze whether this program is the right decision in increasing the number of tourist visits, it is necessary to conduct a study that measures the influence of prospective tourists' perceptions of the quality of tour bus services on the interest of tourist visits. The measurement of prospective tourists' perceptions of the quality of tour bus services is carried out by asking questions regarding the dimensions of the quality of tour bus services, namely waiting time, walking distance to the shelter, travel time, speed and cost/sacrifice to get service. While the interest of tourist visits is measured by asking questions related to tourist intentions, tourists' desires and tourist plans to visit tourist objects that provide tourist bus services. The technical analysis of the data in this study is in the form of multiple regression using STATA 14. Furthermore, the sample in this study is the general public who have an interest in traveling. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide information about the reasons tourists are interested in visiting a tourist attraction related to the tourist's perception of the quality of tour bus services. Furthermore, these results will be utilized by tour bus service providers to provide the best quality for their consumers.

The Gerbang Kaca program is a regional development policy set to seek change through intervention in the village. This research aims to explain how policy interventions with the development pattern approach are carried out by the Fakfak Regency government. This study uses a qualitative approach supported by integrated quantitative data to support the elaboration and interpretation of research data in conducting the analysis. Primary data collection was carried out through field observations, interviews, and distributing questionnaires as well as limited Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with informants consisting of (1) OPD, Village Apparatus, (2) Traditional Leaders, (3) Community Leaders, and (4) Youth Leaders and stakeholders in Fak Fak Regency, West Papua. The results of the study used descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach by discussing gate policies in the regional development process. Furthermore, the Glass Gate policy aims to create development efficiency at the community level. It is proven that there is still recognition from the community wherein in the various activities carried out,

This study aims to analyze the cost of subsidies and the opportunity to implement Buy the Service (BTS) for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Padang Panjang City. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Primary data collection includes observation and distribution questionnaires with respondents using public and non-public transport users. The information obtained from the distribution of questionnaires is the origin of the destination, characteristics of public transportation behavior, and the willingness to pay of the community towards public transportation modes that follow public transportation service standards. The operational costs of public vehicles are obtained from the survey results of the basic costs of public transportation, which consist of direct and indirect costs. The results of this study formulate 3 (three) main route trajectories scenarios and cost analysis of BTS implementation that meets Minimum Service Standards (SPM). The estimated subsidy cost for implementing BTS in the three main corridors is 10.09 billion, with the highest subsidy cost being in corridor 1. which is 4.41 billion but has a smaller headway than the other two corridors. The results of this study also recommend the need for continuous socialization to the community regarding the ease and convenience of using BRT as well as equalizing perceptions between local governments and operators regarding the mechanism for providing BRT subsidies.

In recent years, the government has been aggressively inviting the public to use public transportation for all regional residents in Indonesia. Mattson et al. (2021) stated that transportation and accessibility in the village are more comprehensive and have more complex transportation issues. Therefore, this study was conducted to measure rural transportation services to improve public transportation performance in the Pringsewu Regency. This study uses a mixed-method and combines quantitative and qualitative data at one time (Creswell, 2014). The data is analyzed quantitatively and then explained based on existing conditions and provisional assumptions. The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through field surveys on four rural transportation routes in Pringsewu Regency to obtain data on load factors, vehicle speed, waiting time, travel time, frequency/hour, and the number of vehicles operating from each route. Furthermore, the data is evaluated and given an assessment based on the suitability of indicators based on the assessment standard from the Directorate General of Land Transportation, Ministry of Transportation. Secondary data was obtained from Statistics Indonesia publications, official documents, and government websites. The analysis results showed that rural transportation services in the Pringsewu regency were below the ideal standard (70%), with an average loading factor of 40—50%, which is included in the bad category. This is estimated to be influenced by several factors, namely the low level of load factor and headway. The recommendation put forward is the need for efforts to add headways and increase the speed of travel time and reduce the frequency of trips to improve transportation performance.